低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期生长和生理特性的影响  

Effect of low nitrogen stress on different low nitrogen tolerance maize cultivars seedling stage growth and physiological characteristics

作　　者：李强[1] 罗延宏[2] 龙文靖 孔凡磊[1] 杨世民[1] 袁继超[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川省烟草公司宜宾市烟草公司烟叶生产技术推广应用中心,四川宜宾644002

出　　处：《草业学报》2014年第4期204-212,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13-2)资助

摘　　要：以4个不同耐低氮性玉米品种为材料,采用盆栽试验研究低氮胁迫对玉米苗期生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,低氮胁迫下玉米苗期株高、叶面积、地上部干重、单株干重、氮积累量、地上部氮分配比例及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白等指标均显著下降;根冠比、根系氮分配比例、氮素生理效率、可溶性糖、MDA、脯氨酸和POD等均显著升高,根系干重在各氮水平下差异不明显。低氮胁迫下,耐低氮品种株高、叶面积、单株干重、地上部干重、根冠比、氮积累量、地上部氮分配比例、根系氮分配比例和叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、MDA变化幅度低于不耐低氮品种,而氮素生理效率、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和POD变化幅度则大于不耐低氮品种。与不耐低氮品种相比,耐低氮品种通过保持地上部氮分配比例,较高的叶绿素含量和较大叶面积来维持较强的光合生产能力;通过保持较高的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸等有机渗透物质含量和较强的POD活性来降低膜脂过氧化伤害,延缓叶片衰老,从而提高了其对低氮环境的适应性。The response of maize seedling stage growth and physiological characteristics were studied in 4different low nitrogen tolerance maize cultivars in a two years pot experiment.The results showed that the plant height,leaf area,dry weight of shoot,dry weight of plant,nitrogen accumulation,shoot nitrogen distribution,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of the 4maize hybrids declined sharply under the low nitrogen stress conditions.However,root-shoot ratio,root nitrogen distribution,nitrogen physiological efficiency,the content of soluble sugar,proline,MDA（malondialdehyde）and POD（peroxidase）activity were significantly increased;and there was insignificant difference in dry weight of root under the different nitrogen levels.Compared with low nitrogen sensitive maize cultivars,the variation of plant height,leaf area,dry weight of shoot,dry weight of plant,root-shoot ratio,nitrogen accumulation,shoot nitrogen distribution,root nitrogen distribution,the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein and MDA are lower,while the variation of nitrogen physiological efficiency,the content of soluble sugar and proline,and the activity of POD are higher in low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars under the low nitrogen stress.The results showed that compared with low nitrogen sensitive cultivars,the low nitrogen tolerant cultivars kept stronger photosynthetic capacity by higher shoot nitrogen distribution,higher chlorophyll content and bigger leaf area,reduced the damage of membrane lipid peroxidation and delayed the leaf senescence by higher content of organic osmotic,such as soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline,and POD activity,meanwhile the low nitrogen environment adaptability of low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars was improved.

关 键 词：玉米苗期 低氮胁迫 生长 生理 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]