实现质量量子基准的两种途径  

Two Approaches on Quantum Mass Standard

作　　者：李辰[1] 韩冰[2] 贺青[2] 张钟华[2] 李正坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084 [2]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《计量学报》2014年第5期517-520,共4页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金（51077120）;国家科技支撑计划（2011BAI02B03）

摘　　要：基于基本物理常数定义新的国际单位制成为21世纪国际计量界研究的热点，然而目前一些常数的测定尚未达到所需的不确定度范围。质量量子标准研究更是目前计量领域研究的重点和难点。经过30多年的发展，硅球法和功率天平法取得了重大进展，但目前发表的测量结果之间尚存在10^-7量级的偏差。通过详细比较各国实现质量量子基准的两种途径，指出无论是依靠普朗克常数h还是阿佛伽德罗常数NA，在现阶段，取代国际千克原器尚有很长的一段路需要摸索。Redefinition of the International System of Units （SI） on the basis of fundamental physical constants is hot issue for metrologists. However some constants determination does not meet the required uncertainty. The research of quantum mass standard is the emphasis and difficult points in the metrology especially. After 30 years developments, the silicon sphere method and the watt balance method have been made significant progress. Nevertheless, the published results still have a magnitude of deviation about 10^-7. Two popular approaches on quantum mass standard are made a detailed comparison, it is found that whether Planck constant h or Avogadro constant NA , there would be a long road to explore to eliminate the last artifact unit and it would be inappropriate time to substitute for international prototype kilogram at the present stage.

关 键 词：计量学 质量量子基准 普朗克常数h 阿佛伽德罗常数NA 硅球 功率天平 能量天平 

分 类 号：TB91[一般工业技术—计量学]