间作蚕豆枯萎病及根际尖孢镰刀菌的动态变化  

Dynamics of Fusarium Wilt and Fusarium oxysporum in Rhizosphere of Intercropped Faba Bean

作　　者：房冬冬[1] 李朝丽[1] 汤利[1] 何文天[1] 任家兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第5期648-653,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家"973"计划研究专项基金(2011CB100405);国家自然科学基金项目(31260504;30860157);公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金(201103003);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助

摘　　要：合理间作对农作物病虫害的持续控制作用已得到大量试验证明,而间作对致病菌及土壤微生物区系的调控作用可能是其控制土传病害的关键步骤之一.本文采用田间小区试验,研究了蚕豆枯萎病发病期间小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆枯萎病发生情况、蚕豆枯萎病致病菌——尖孢镰刀菌数量以及根际微生物数量和区系组成动态变化的影响,以期揭示间作控制蚕豆枯萎病的部分机理.结果表明：间作显著增加了小麦产量,对蚕豆籽粒产量无显著影响,土地当量比（LER）为1.05.在蚕豆枯萎病发病期间（结荚前期到成熟期）,单作蚕豆枯萎病发病率由18.3％升高到32.2％,病病情指数由0.80％升高15.98％,蚕豆根际尖孢镰刀菌数量由1.88±103 cfu/g升高到8.24±103 cfu/g,尖孢镰刀菌占真菌的百分比由0.77％升高到3.37％;与单作相比,间作蚕豆枯萎病发病率降低了21.9％ ～43.0％,病情指数降低了28.8％ ～ 65.7％,尖孢镰刀菌数量降低了21.2％ ～41.7％,尖孢镰刀菌占真菌的百分比降低了40.5％～61.2％;在鼓粒前期之后,单间作间发病率、病情指数及尖孢镰刀菌数量的差异均达到显著水平;在鼓粒后期之后,单间作间尖孢镰刀菌占真菌的百分比的差异达到显著水平.本文结果表明,在蚕豆枯萎病发病期间,间作能持续抑制蚕豆根际尖孢镰刀菌的数量,降低尖孢镰刀菌占真菌的比例,减轻蚕豆枯萎病的发生.Reasonable intercropping has been identified as an effective lasting-control strategy of crop diseases and pests. The effect of intereropping on rhizospheric pathogens and and microflora may be the key procedures to control soil-borne diseases. To investigate the mechanism of wheat/faba bean intercropping controlling faba bean fusarium wilt, a field experiment was carried out to study the dynamics change of fusarium wilt incidence and disease index and the quantities of its pathogens （ Fusarium oxysporum） and microflora in faba bean rhizosphere under wheat/faba bean intercropping and faba bean monocropping. Results showed that intercropping increased the yield of wheat significantly, but had no remarkable effect on the yield of faba bean, and the value of land equivalent ratio （LER） was 1.05, indicating yields advantage in intercropping system. During the period of faba bean fusarium wilt （ from podding stage to maturing stage） the incidence and disease index of faba bean fusarium wilt increased from 18.3% to 32.2% and from 0. 80% to 15.98% in monocropping system respectively, the amount of F. oxysporum and the ratio of F. oxysporum to fungi increased from 1.88 × 103 cfu/g to 8.24 ×103 cfu/g, and from 0. 77% to 3.37% respectively. Compared to monocropping system, the incidence and disease index of faba bean fusarium wilt in intercropping system decreased 21.9% - 43.0% and 28.8% -65.7% respectively, and the amount of F. oxysporum and the ratio of F. oxysporum to fungi decreased 21.2% ×41.7% and 40.5% - 61.2% respectively. After the early-time of grain filling stage, the incidence and disease index and the amount of F. oxysporum in intercropping system were significantly lower to those in monocropping system. After the late-time of grain filling stage, the ratio of F. oxysporum to fungi in intercropping system were significantly lower to those in monocropping system. We concluded that faba bean fusarium wilt was significantly alleviated in intercropping system by persistent restraining pathogen （F.

关 键 词：小麦蚕豆间作 枯萎病 尖孢镰刀菌 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S432.25[农业科学—植物病理学]