翻压绿肥条件下化肥减量对玉米养分利用效益的影响  

Effects of Green Manure and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Nutrients Efficiency of Maize

作　　者：陈正刚 李剑 王文华 朱青 卢松[2] 崔宏浩[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第5期734-739,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803029;201103005);贵州省创新能力建设项目[黔科合院所创能(2011)4002];贵州省农业攻关项目[黔科合NY字(2012)3046号];贵州省农业工程中心项目[黔科合农G字(2009)4001号];贵州省国际科技合作计划[黔科合外G字(2010)7035号]

摘　　要：本文通过田间小区试验,研究翻压绿肥条件下,化肥减量对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响.结果表明：在施用15 000 kg/hm2光叶苕子鲜草条件下,与化肥处理比较,减少化肥用量30％ ～ 45％,玉米产量未达到显著增产水平;减少化肥用量15％,玉米产量达到显著增产水平（P＜0.05）,增产幅度达19.92％;氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）利用率分别提高11.1％,8.1％,12.7％,农学效益分别提高172.21％,172.15％,172.21％.施用绿肥条件下,与化肥处理比较,减少化肥用量30％ ～45％,玉米纯收入未达到显著增收水平,减少化肥用量15％时,玉米纯收入达到最高值,增收695元/hm2,增收幅度11.5％,达到显著增收水平（P＜0.05）.翻压光叶紫花苕子15 000kg/hm2的条件下,化肥减量15％可提高玉米产量,化肥减量30％ ～45％玉米产量也可达到当地常规产量水平,化肥的适宜用量为N 153 kg/hm2,P2O5 102 kg/hm2,K2O 153 kg/hm2,化肥适宜减量水平为15％.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of green manure and chemical fertilizer reduction on the nutrients efficiency of maize. The results showed as following： on the basis of burying Viciavillosa rothvar （15 000 kg/hm2）, reducing 30% -45% chemical fertilize could increased the yield no significant but reducing 15% chemical fertilize could increased the yield 19. 92% significantly and in the utilization rate N, P205, K20 were improved 11.1%, 8. 1%, 12. 7% respectively and agronomy efficiency were increased 172. 21%, 172. 15%, 172. 21% respectively. There was no significant difference in net income between the treatment that on the basis of burying green manure reducing 30% 45% chemical fertilize and conventional fertilizer treatment. In reducing the amount of fertilizer 15%, net income reached the highest value of corn. It was increased 695 yuan/hm2 and compared with conventional fertilizer treatment increased by 11.5%. On the basis of burying V. rothvar （ 15 000 kg/hm2）, reducing 15% chemical fertilize could increased the yield and reducing 30% -45% chemical fertilize could be kept the local conventional production levels. The better treatment of amount of chemical fertilize is N 153 kg/hm2, P2O5 102 kg/hm2, K2O 153 kg/hm2 and the chemical fertilize reduction was 15%.

关 键 词：绿肥 化肥减量 玉米 养分 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]