重庆市听力残疾现状及主要致残原因调查分析  

Status of Hearing Disability and Its Main Reasons in Chongqing

作　　者：方响琴[1] 邓皓月 蒋宛凌[1] 颜凤华[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学第三附属医院野战外科研究所康复医学科,重庆市400042

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2014年第26期3122-3124,共3页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：目的调查重庆市听力残疾现状及主要致残原因,提出有针对性的防治策略。方法 2006年4—5月,采用分层随机整群抽样法将重庆市24个区县(96个乡镇、街道)分为192个调查小区,共调查26 243户82 460人。采用一般频数分布,从听力残疾等级、城乡分布、年龄分布等方面对听力残疾主要致残原因进行描述性分析。结果共4 516户4 990人存在残疾,其中听力残疾者1 308人,占所有筛查出残疾人数的26.21%(1 308/4 990),听力残疾筛查阳性率为1.59%(1 308/82 460)。所有听力残疾者主要致残原因为老年性耳聋(50.54%)、中耳炎(13.76%)、原因不明(11.39%)、创伤或意外伤害(4.66%)、遗传(4.51%)等,听力残疾等级主要以三级(43.50%)和四级(23.17%)为主。听力残疾者中,城镇人口所占比例为28.06%(367/1 308),乡村人口所占比例为71.94%(941/1 308);老年听力残疾者所占比例最大,为70.11%(917/1 308)。结论重庆市听力残疾现患率较高,应结合本市听力残疾现状,积极防治老年病,改善农村地区的医疗条件。Objective To investigate the status of hearing disability（ HD） and its main reasons in Chongqing,to put forward targeted prevention strategies. Methods From April to May 2006,stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate HD status in 192 residential areas,including 26 243 families（ 82 460 inhabitants）. General frequency distribution was used to undergo descriptive analysis of HD reasons in HD grades,urban and rural distribution,age distribution,etc. Results A total of 4 990 inhabitants in 4 516 families had disabilities,including 1 308 HD patients,accounting for 26. 21% of all screened disable patients（ 1 308 /4 990）,the positive rate of HD screening was 1. 59%（ 1 308 /82 460）. The main reasons for HD were presbycusis（ 50. 54%）, otitis media（ 13. 76%）, unknown origin（ 11. 39%）, trauma or accidental injuries（ 4. 66%）,heredity（ 4.51%）,etc. The grades of HD were mainly grades Ⅲ（ 43.50%）,Ⅳ（ 23.17%）. The proportion of urban population was 28. 06%（ 367 /1 308）,that of rural population was 71. 94%（ 941 /1 308）. The proportion of elderly HD was the largest,accounting for 70. 11%（ 917 /1 308）. Conclusion The prevalence rate of HD is high in Chongqing and the major reason is presby cusis. Based on the HD status,we should prevent aged diseases actively,improve the health conditions in rural areas.

关 键 词：听力障碍 残疾人 普查 卫生措施 重庆 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]