2014年西非埃博拉出血热流行状况与防控研究  

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in 2014:What is happening in West Africa

作　　者：张应涛 刘康康[1] 陆家海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院热带病防治研究教育部重点实验室 广东省重大传染病预防和控制技术研究中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《暨南大学学报（自然科学与医学版）》2014年第5期421-426,416,共6页Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81373050)

摘　　要：自1976年首次发现埃博拉病毒以来,埃博拉疫情在非洲时有报道,而2013年年底开始至今的西非埃博拉疫情正以前所未有的肆虐之势蔓延.截至2014年8月31日,本次疫情共发现病例3 707例,其中死亡1 848例,规模已超过既往各年疫情的总和.针对该病,目前仍无正式上市的特效药物和疫苗,但WHO已允许临床试验药物和疫苗在西非疫情中的干预研究.鉴于此,需要在优化卫生资源配置的基础上,针对传染病传播的3个基本环节进行全面防控,同时在"惟一健康(One Health)"的框架下,通过公共卫生与兽医领域的专家的共同合作,从源头上控制疫情的发生和发展.Since Ebola virus was first identified in 1976,several Ebola outbreaks have taken place in Africa.But none of them has been as large or persistent as the current epidemic in West Africa.As of 31 August 2014,3 707 cases including 1 848 deaths have been reported from the affected countries.There is still no registered Ebola therapy or vaccine so far,thus the WHO has just allowed the use of unregistered therapies and vaccines to thwart the Ebola Zaire virus epidemic in West Africa.And it is important for us to take measures to prevent and control the epidemic through holding back the key links among the transmission on the basis of the optimization of healthcare resources.Meanwhile,it's also important to control the epidemic from its beginning with the collaboration of both the public health and veterinary experts which are insisting on the 'One Health' concept.

关 键 词：埃博拉出血热 西非 流行状况 防控 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]