晚明乡宦与乡评之互动及其对地方秩序的影响  

Interaction between Country Gentries and Township Comment and Its Impact on Local Social Order in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：吴琦[1] 马俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2014年第5期119-129,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"近世知识群体的专业化与社会变迁"(12JJD770018)

摘　　要：乡评是晚明民间舆论的一种形式,反映乡里社会的群体共识和道德期许,因兼具公论批判的性质与评断是非的功能,成为晚明乡宦借以维持威望的舆论资源。乡宦一方面主动趋附乡评,通过救荒、慈善、基建等行为实现与乡评之间的良性互动;另一方面,随着晚明乡评的不断尖锐化,乡宦陷入恶评的漩涡中,他们因畏于乡评而杜门自守,与乡民的关系也不断恶化,以至酿成大规模的民变。最终晚明乡评参与并推动了地方社会权力阶层的力量转变,生员阶层代乡宦而起,但也造成了地方社会秩序的紊乱。“Township comment” was one of the forms of public opinions in the late Ming Dynasty. It reflected the values of civil society and moral expectations, and was used to maintain their prestige by country gentries because of its critical nature and its function of judging rights. On one hand, country gentries took the initiative to cater township comment, and tried to establish the positive interaction with township comment through famine relief, doing charity work and so on. On the other hand, as township comment became more acute, country gentries were caught in the vortex of bad comment and then seldomly went out. Their relationship with the villagers also deteriorated which eventually ted to massive uprisings. Township comment has promoted the transformation of power elite from country gentries to licentiates, but thus resulting in the disorder of local society in the late Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：晚明 乡宦 乡评 地方社会秩序 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]