速度滑冰陆上专项技术模仿练习的专项性分析  

An analysis of special land simulate practice in speed skating

作　　者：王新宝[1] 黄达武[2] 陈月亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学体育学院,江西南昌330022 [2]台州学院体育学院,浙江临海317000 [3]湖北理工学院体育部,湖北黄石435003

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2014年第5期82-87,共6页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAK57B05);国家体育总局奥运攻关课题(2012A022)

摘　　要：为研究速滑陆地模仿练习的专项性,采用视频和表面肌电同步采集了王北星冰上专项和陆地模仿下肢支撑腿肌电参数,从主要做功肌群、肌肉激活强度和肌肉激活顺序三个角度研究冰上专项肌肉用力特征及陆地模仿练习的专项性。结果显示:冰上下肢专项肌肉用力特征是:胫骨前肌和股前群肌是主要做功肌群,胫骨前肌的屈过程激活程度更大,而股前群肌是蹬伸过程的激活程度更大,着冰前胫骨前肌就处于持续发力状态,蹬冰时灭活,着冰前股前群肌出现预激活,离冰时灭活。陆上滑跑模仿练习在主要做功肌群、肌肉激活强度屈伸间变化及肌肉激活顺序上与专项相似,具有较高的专项练习价值。但在肌肉激活强度、胫骨前肌做功时程和腓肠肌动员方面明显不足。建议:将来运动员在陆上进行此项练习时应在动作速度、非稳定支撑、着地前的足背屈和蹬伸末期伸踝等几个方面进行改善。For the purpose of researching the special characteristics of land simulates in speed skating, the article measured the EMG parameter of WANG Beixing supporting leg in skating and land simulate with the methods of synchronizing the video and sEMG, researched the special muscle force characteristics form three dimensions of the main work muscle group, the intensity of muscle activation and muscle activation sequence and the special characteristics of land simulates. Results： anterior tibial and quadriceps femoris are the major working muscle groups, the activation level of tibialis anterior muscle is greater in flexion;while the quadriceps femoris is in extension; tibialis anterior muscle is constantly in power before landing on ice and inactivate when pushing, quadriceps femoris is activate in advance before landing and inactivated when off ice. The main work muscle group, the change of muscle activation intensity in flexion anti extension, and the muscle activation sequence between ice and land is similarity, so it has high specific training value. But the level muscle activation, tibialis anterior muscle work schedules, and gastrocnemius muscle activation are obviously deficiencies. It is suggestedthe action speed, unstable support, dorsiflexion of foot before landing and stretch ankle in off landing be improved to enhance the special of training.

关 键 词：速度滑冰 陆上模仿 肌肉用力特征 表面肌电 王北星 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]