气候变化背景下土著人权的司法保护——“因纽特人”诉“美国”案评析  

Judicial Protection of Indigenous Human Rights under the Climate Change:Comments on the Case of Inuit v. United States

作　　者：陈熹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,副教授长沙410006

出　　处：《世界民族》2014年第5期94-102,共9页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：中国法学会课题"美国气候变化立法研究"的阶段性研究成果;项目编号为:CLS(2013)D219

摘　　要：日益严重的环境问题影响着北极土著民族因纽特人生存、安全、健康等人权问题。美国是全球碳排放最大的发达国家,但美国退出《京都议定书》,并对温室气体控制采取消极的态度,由此引发因纽特人诉美国案,这一案件在土著人权保护以及气候变化应对等问题上具有重要意义,它促进了国际社会对气候变化影响下土著民族人权问题的关注,并在美国气候变化立法阙如的情况下,以司法个案的方式从国际法层面对美国施加了影响。本文研究了该案的法律依据、诉讼请求、人权保护意义,并分析与评价了该案所提出的气候变化与土著人权保护问题的关系。As a serious environmental problem, climate changes alIect indigenous peoples m the Arctic, violating their human rights of the survival, security, health and so on. The United States is a developed country with the largest scale of carbon emission, but it has withdrawn from the ＂Kyoto Protocol＂. Its negative attitude against the greenhouse emission control irritated the Inuit to petition, which brought out the case with significances on both the protection of indigenous human rights and the issues of climate change. It not only promoted the international community＇s attention on the issue of human rights of indigenous peoples violated by the climate change, but also exerted influence on U. S from the international law level because its climate change legislation was absent. This paper studies the legal basis, the claim, as well as the significance on the human rights protection of the petition. The relationship between the climate change issue and the indigenous human rights protection raised by the petition are also analyzed and evaluated.

关 键 词：土著人权 因纽特人诉美国 气候变化 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]