中国城镇化进程中的贫困问题:按要素分解分析  

Urbanization and Urban Poverty in China:Study on Poverty Accounting by Factor Components

作　　者：王朝明[1] 马文武[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第10期94-103,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"社会资本视角下政府反贫困政策绩效管理的理论与实证研究"(编号:70873097);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"我国城镇化与城市贫困关系的理论与实证研究"(编号:JBK1307026);四川省科技厅软科学计划项目"区域扶贫创新体系建设:模式;经验及政策研究"(编号:2013ZR0030)

摘　　要：本文采用CHNS数据库,运用经过改进的贫困分解方法和贫困弹性法,从静态和动态两个维度对城镇化进程中的城镇化状况与城市贫困关系进行了研究。静态分解显示,我国城镇化中不存在要素短缺的城市贫困,城市贫困均为要素的分配效应所致,同时城镇化对三种贫困指标的分配效应为:在城市贫困广度上有减贫效应,但减贫作用在减弱;对城市贫困强度和综合状况先具有减贫效应,但减贫作用衰减更快,最终演变成了增贫效应。动态分解表明:城镇化变动对城市贫困广度和贫困强度变化的总效应均为减贫效应,但减贫力度呈现逐渐变大后缓慢变小的"V"型轨迹,对贫困综合指标总效应减贫状况呈现出波浪式的衰减趋势;从总效应内部结构看,总效应的波动变化主要是由城镇化分配效应波动变化所引起,而在相当程度上,总效应在某些时期表现为减贫作用,都是城镇化收入效应的功劳,但其减贫能量在衰减;弹性分析结论更加有力印证了对贫困动态分解的上述结果。因此,要继续保持城镇化水平变动对城市贫困变化为减贫的总效应,应从主要依赖于城镇化水平变动对城市贫困的收入减贫效应,转变为主要依赖城镇化对城市贫困的分配减贫效应,这是今后降低城市贫困的可取途径。Based on CHNS database, using an improved poverty decomposition method and poverty elasticity method, we studied the relationship between urbanization and urban poverty from the static and dynamic dimensions. Static decomposition shows that there is no poverty caused by elements shortage, but it was caused by the distributional element effects. While the distribution effect of urbanization on the three poverty indicators were ： it reduced width of urban poverty, however, its power was weakening ; it reduced the intensity and comprehension of urban poverty. But its power decayed faster and became growth effect at last. Dynamic decomposition showed that changes in urbanization were poverty reduction effects on the total effects of changes of the width and intensity of urban poverty, but poverty reduction effects were slowly becoming larger and then gradually smaller ： ＇ V＇ -type trajectory, and was showing a trend of wave attenuation in consolidated poverty ; from the internal structure of the total effect, the change of total effect was mainly due to changes of distributional effects of urbanization ; considerable extent, the total effect of urbanization in certain periods was poverty reduction effect because of income effect of urbanization, but its poverty reduction was in energy attenuation. Elastic analysis confirms the above conclusions. Therefore, to maintain the total effects of urbanization effect of poverty reduction, relying on income effects of urbanization should be transferred into mainly relying on the distributional effects of urbanization, which is a desirable way to reduce urban poverty in the future.

关 键 词：城镇化 城市贫困 贫困按要素分解 收入与分配效应 弹性分析 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]