从马克思的分析方法把握劳动价值论的拓展性和科学性——兼对某些相关争论问题的辨析  

Grasping the Expansibility and Scientificity in Marx's Labor Theory of Value Using Marx's Analysis Methods——And Analyzing on Some Related Debates

作　　者：胡若痴[1] 卫兴华[2] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学,副教授北京100029 [2]中国人民大学,荣誉一级教授北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2014年第10期75-82,156,共9页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：通过不同价值理论的比较,表明马克思的劳动价值论是科学的。对马克思的劳动价值论的正确理解与把握,必须弄清马克思价值理论由抽象到具体的分析方法。在三卷《资本论》中,劳动价值论是经历不断拓展和具体化的过程,必须从系统性和整体性把握其真谛。对劳动价值理论,学界存在的某些不同解读与见解,需要作出符合马克思原意的说明,包括:社会必要劳动时间应包括活劳动的社会必要时间,也包括物化劳动的必要劳动时间;超额价值和超额剩余价值的来源是什么;在特殊供求情况下,商品价值可由优等或劣等条件的劳动时间调节;在供求严重失衡的条件下,市场价值由劣等或优等条件决定;资本家的管理劳动是否创造价值;国际价值理解中的是非问题;两种含义的社会必要劳动时间与价值的关系问题等,都力求从理论与实际的结合上予以说明。It is scientific to explain Marx＇s labor theory of value from comparing different theories of value. To understand and grasp Marx＇s labor theory of value correctly, one must make clear the analysis methods from abstract to concrete in Marx＇s theory of value. In the three volumes of Das Kapital, the labor theory of value is the process of continuous and specific development. One must grasp its essence systematically and integrally. There are different interpretations and opinions about labor theory of value in the academic, and this article tries to explain it in line with Marx＇s original description. It tries to make explanations to the following issues from the combination of theory and practice： The social necessary labor time should include social necessary labor time of live labor and the social necessary labor time of materialized labor; What the sources of excess value and surplus value are; In the special condition of supply and demand, the commodity value can be adjusted by the labor time with superior or inferior conditions; In the condition of serious supply and demand imbalance, the market value is determined by the inferior or superior conditions; Whether the capitalist management labor creates value; Questions of right and wrong in understanding internation＇al value; The relations between the two meanings of social necessary labor time and the value, etc.

关 键 词：《资本论》 劳动价值论 国际价值 两种含义的社会必要劳动 价值决定与价值实现 

分 类 号：F01[经济管理—政治经济学]