灾害蝗虫附着系统爪尖的剪切强度测算  

Shear strength calculation of claw tip in attachment system of plague locust Locusta migratoria manilensis

作　　者：王立新[1] 崔彦平[1] 周强[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学机械工程学院,石家庄050018 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第17期71-77,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(51205107);河北省高等学校科学技术研究青年基金项目(Q2012073);河北科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目(QD201238)

摘　　要：蝗虫爪尖能够形成用于稳固附着的机械锁合,抑制蝗虫在捕集滑板表面的滑移行为。为获取用于蝗虫捕集滑板研制的爪尖强度信息,利用自行设计的昆虫微力测试系统测试了蝗虫前足、中足、后足爪尖的剪切力;采用扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）分析了蝗虫爪尖及其断裂面的微形貌结构与几何特征,计算了爪尖断裂面的截面积,并据此测算了蝗虫爪尖的剪切强度。结果表明爪尖的剪切力介于197.4~243.6 mN,其中前足爪尖的剪切力最大,后足居中,中足最小;爪尖断裂面表现出层状的复合结构且具有显著不同的截面积（10 847.6~13 908.5μm2）;测算结果表明蝗虫爪尖的剪切强度介于14.2~22.5 MPa。该研究可为研制具有良好滑移功能蝗虫捕集滑板提供参考,并可促进灾害蝗虫光电诱导滑移捕集技术的发展。Plague locusts control is an important aspect in agricultural production, and the conventional method generally used for controlling locust plague is spraying pesticide. This method can quickly and effectively kill the plague locusts to prohibit the agricultural plants from being destroyed, but will result in serious environmental pollution ascribing to the pesticide residues. Many researchers have exerted their efforts to explore innovative methods to not only control the plague locusts, but also avoid the pesticide pollution. The photoelectric technology, i.e. inducing slippery trapping plague locust based on the phototaxis property of locust has been put forward. This technology relies on the spectrum light source to induce plague locusts, as well as depends on the slippery trapping plate and its related mechanical structure to make the trapped locusts in light source district effectively slide to corresponding equipment. In this technology, one of the most important aspects is developing slippery trapping plate with excellent slip function, which can greatly improve the trapping efficiency of photoelectric inducing machine for trapping plague locust. To acquire material strength properties of claw tip of plague locust used for guiding the selection of trapping plate materials, the shear forces of foreleg, mid-leg and hind-leg claws of the locust （Locusta migratoria manilensis） were measured with insect micro-force measurement system designed in this paper. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, microstructures and geometrical properties of the claw tips and their fracture sections were observed and analyzed, and sectional areas of the fracture sections were calculated with obtained SEM images and CAD （Computer-aided Design） software. Based on the acquired values of shear force and sectional area, the shear strength of locust claw tip was calculated. The results presented that the shear forces of locust claw tips were between 197.4 mN and 243.6 mN, and claw tips in forelegs exhibited the gre

关 键 词：害虫防治 剪切强度 试验 蝗虫 爪尖 微力测试 微形貌结构 

分 类 号：S433.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] O346.1[农业科学—植物保护]