豆油基聚酯增塑剂的合成及与聚氯乙烯共混性能分析  

Synthesis of soybean oil based polyester plasticizer and its property mixing with polyvinyl chloride

作　　者：贾普友[1] 薄采颖[1] 张猛[1,2] 胡立红[1,2] 周永红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,南京210042 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第17期314-320,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD32B05);中国林科院林业新技术研究所基本科研业务费重点项目(CAFINT2013K01)

摘　　要：为了进一步利用可再生资源植物油代替石油合成化学品，该研究使用豆油和甘油在230℃下合成了豆油单甘脂，将其作为合成聚酯的二元醇组分，与马来酸酐反应，并以异辛醇为封端剂控制分子量，经过酯化和缩合反应合成了豆油基聚酯增塑剂。采用红外光谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱对该豆油基聚酯产品的结构和分子量进行了表征；将其与聚氯乙烯热塑共混成型，使用转矩流变仪、扫描电镜、热重分析仪、动态热机械分析仪和万能拉力试验机对共混物的扭矩、相容性、热性能和力学性能进行了表征。研究发现：通过单甘脂与马来酸酐酯化缩合反应合成了分子量范围为3000～3500的聚酯产品，该聚酯产品与邻苯类增塑剂复配使用增塑聚氯乙烯，增塑聚氯乙烯在热塑过程中的扭矩从13.4 N·m降低到10.1 N·m；扫描电镜分析表明聚酯增塑剂较好地改善了聚氯乙烯和填料的相容性；增塑聚氯乙烯的热降解温度由254.7℃提高到255.6℃，玻璃化转变温度由55℃降低到42℃；拉伸强度由16.9 MPa降低到9.6 MPa，断裂伸长率由179.6%增加到269.3%，因此该产品可以作为聚氯乙烯的优良增塑剂使用。The utilization of renewable resources in material application attracts increasing attentions in chemical industry, due to the concern regarding environmental sustainability. Nowadays, most commercially available materials are derived from non-renewable resources. With rapid consumption of fossil oils and dramatic fluctuations in the oil price, there is an urgent need to develop chemical materials from renewable resources. Vegetable oils are considered to be important renewable sources due to the rich varieties suitable for chemical transformation, universal availability and low price, and they are the preferred alternatives by chemical industry. In this study, soybean oil monoglycerides were prepared by the transesterification between soybean oil and glycerol at 220~240℃, then polyester plasticizer based on soybean oil was synthesized from soybean oil monoglycerides and maleic anhydride via direct esterification and polycondensation route. The soybean oil polyester plasticizer was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography, FT-IR spectrum and HNMR Spectroscopy. The results showed that the molar mass increased obviously with the extension of reaction time. The molar mass of Mn increased from 3027 g/mol to 3030 g/mol when reaction time was 10 h. And the distribution index was about 1.79-2.10. The blends of soybean oil polyester and polyvinyl chloride （PVC） underwent a melting process. The compatibility, mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties of the blends were characterized by torque rheometer, universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and dynamic thermo mechanical analysis （DMA）. The results showed that with polyester content increasing from 10 g to 30 g in PVC blends, the TG curves showed a three-stage thermal degradation process above 80℃. PVC blends were thermally stable in N2 atmosphere. The first-stage degradation at around 80℃-280℃could be attributed to the evaporation of water and small molecules. The degradation in the second stage at around 280℃-470

关 键 词：聚酯 共混 性能 豆油 聚氯乙烯 

分 类 号：TQ323.42[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]