钾氮配施对湖南丘陵双季稻钾肥效应及钾素平衡的影响  被引量:2

Effect of potassium combined with nitrogen application on potassium efficiency and potassium balance of double rice in hilly regions of Hunan province

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作  者:廖海艳[1] 廖育林[2,3] 鲁艳红[2,3] 聂军[2,3] 谢坚[2,3] 杨曾平[2,3] 周兴[2] 

机构地区:[1]湖南第一师范学院,湖南长沙410205 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410125

出  处:《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014年第5期463-469,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基  金:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013);国家"十二.五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05;2013BAD07B11);国际植物营养研究所资助项目(IPNI)

摘  要:采用大田试验,研究丘陵双季稻区红黄泥田和黄泥田2种土壤4个水平钾肥用量(记为K0、K1、K2、K3)与2个水平氮肥用量(中量氮肥水平N1和高量氮肥水平N2)配施(共6个施肥处理N1K0、N1K1、N1K2、N1K3、N2K0、N2K3)对早、晚稻产量、钾素吸收利用、钾素平衡、土壤钾素含量和钾肥经济效益的影响。早稻K0、K1、K2、K3分别为0、105、150、195 kg/hm2(K2O,下同),晚稻分别为0.0、136.5、195.0、253.5 kg/hm2;早稻N1、N2分别为150、195 kg/hm2(N,下同),晚稻分别为180、234 kg/hm2。结果表明:1施用钾肥能显著提高早、晚稻产量,且晚稻的增产效果尤为显著,在中量施氮(N1)水平下,红黄泥田早稻N1K1和晚稻N1K2的产量最高,分别比N1K0增产5.1%和13.9%;黄泥田早稻N1K3和晚稻N1K2的产量最高,分别比N1K0增产12.9%和17.7%。2施用钾肥有利于维持土壤钾素平衡,提高土壤钾素肥力。在中量施氮(N1)水平下,2种土壤早稻N1K0和N1K1的土壤钾素呈亏缺状态,N1K2和N1K3土壤钾素出现盈余;晚稻N1K0、N1K1和N1K2土壤钾素均呈亏缺状态,N1K3出现钾素盈余。32种土壤早稻和晚稻收获后N1K2、N1K3和N2K3的土壤速效钾含量均不同程度增加,N1K0、N1K1和N2K0均显著降低。4红黄泥田上施用钾肥对早稻的增收效果不明显,而对晚稻的增收效果达到了显著水平,黄泥田施用钾肥对早、晚稻的增收效果均达到了显著水平。考虑到钾肥在提高水稻产量、维持土壤钾素肥力和增加收入等方面的综合效应,湖南省丘陵双季稻生产应重视早稻与晚稻的钾肥合理分配,根据土壤钾素状况和早、晚稻的钾肥增产效应差异,采取"早稻轻,晚稻重"的分配原则。The field trials were conducted to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen and potassium on rice yield, K absorption, K utilization efficiency, K balance, K content in soil and the economic benefit of K fertilizer at 2 types of paddy soil in hilly regions of double-rice cropping system. Six plots were arranged, they were N1Ko, N1K1, NIK2, NIK3, NEKo, N2K3 with combined application of four K levels, namely, Ko, Kl, K2 and K3, and two N levels (N1 and N2). K application rate of K0, K1, K2 and K3 in early rice and late rice were 0, 105, 150, 195 kg/hm2 (K20, the same below) and 0.0, 136.5, 195.0, 253.5 kg/hm2, respectively. N application rate of N1, N2 in early rice and late rice were 150, 195 kg/hm2 (N, the same below) and 180, 234 kg/hm2, respectively. The results showed that K fertilizer application could obviously increase grain yields of early rice and late rice, especially for the late rice. Under N1 application level, the grain yield of N1K1 plot in early rice and N1K2 in late rice were the highest in reddish yellow soil, which increased by 5.1% and 13.9% compared with N1K0 plot, respectively. The grain yield of N1K3 plot in early rice and NIK2 in late rice were the highest in yellow clayey soil, which increased by 12.9% and 17.7% compared with N1K0 plot, respectively. K application was helpful to keep soil K balance and improve soil K level. Under Nl level, K balances of the experimental soils were deficient in NIKo and NIK1 plots, and surplus in N1K2 and N1K3 plots in early rice, while, they were deficient in N1K0, N1K1 and N1K2, surplus in NIK3 in late rice. Compared with the initial level, the available K content in the two soils were increased in N1K2, N1K3 and N2K3 plots while decreased in N1Ko, NIK1 and N2K0 plots after early rice and late rice were harvested. The economic profit of K application in reddish yellow soil was not significant in early rice but it was significant in late rice. The economic profit of grain in yellow soil was significant both in early and late rice.

关 键 词:钾肥 钾肥效应 钾素平衡 双季稻 湖南 

分 类 号:S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]

 

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