鲁北平原咸水滴灌对土壤水盐分布和棉花产量的影响  

Effect of saline drip irrigation to soil water and salt distribution and cotton yield in Northern Shandong Plain

作　　者：孙泽强[1] 董晓霞[1] 王学君[1] 郑东峰[1] 董亮[2] 刘兆辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业部山东耕地保育科学观测实验站,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第5期12-17,24,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903001);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目(BS2011NY017);国家自然科学基金(51209130);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD05B06-04);国家"863"计划课题(2013AA102901-2)

摘　　要：鲁北平原是山东省重要的粮棉油生产基地，合理利用微咸水和咸水资源是亟待解决的问题。通过田间小区试验，以淡水滴灌处理为对照，设置不同矿化度咸水滴灌处理，研究全地膜覆盖条件下，咸水滴灌对棉花农田土壤水盐分布和产量的影响。结果表明，灌出苗水可以明显降低棉田主要根层土壤EC值，降低率在26．8％～29．0％之间。咸水滴灌减少了棉花对土壤水分的吸收，主要影响土层在40～100 cm，灌溉水矿化度越高，影响越大。与淡水滴灌相比，滴灌补灌矿化度6g·L-1以下的咸水对棉花产量没有明显的影响，而滴灌8g·L-1的咸水在降水偏少的年份能明显降低棉花产量。从土壤盐分的积累来看，利用滴灌补灌一次6g·L-1以下的咸水，通过黄河水和夏季降水淋洗土壤盐分，不会造成棉花根系分布层土壤盐分的积累。该研究结果可为鲁北平原区咸水利用提供科学依据。The Northern Shandong Plain is an important production base for food,cotton an d oil in Shandong Province .The rational using micro salt water and saline water is an urgent issue .Through the field experiment with small plots,taking the fresh water drip irrigation as the control group,set up the treatments with different saline water drip irri-gation,research the impacts of saline drip irrigation to soil water and salt distribution and cotton yield under the condition of full film mulching .The results showed that：The emergence irrigation can be significantly reduced the soil EC value in main root zone of cotton with the reduction rate between 26 .8%to 29 .0%.The saline drip irrigation can reduce the ab-sorption of soil moisture by cotton,the mainly effected soil layers between 40 to 100 cm .The more of the irrigation water saline degree,the greater impact will be .Compared with the fresh water drip irrigation,drip supplemental irrigation with salinity less than 6 g·L-1 has no significant effect to cotton yield .While drip irrigation with the salinity of 8 g·L-1 can significantly reduce the cotton yield in the less precipitation years .From the accumulation of soil salt,the drip irrigation using the salinity less than 6 g·L-1 ,does not cause the salt accumulation in main root zone of cotton,through the leach-ing soil salt by the Yellow River water and precipitation in summer.This research results can provide the scientific basisfor using the saline water in Northern Shandong Plain.

关 键 词：咸水滴灌 全地膜覆盖 水盐动态 棉花产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]