HAZOP-偏离度在铁路安全风险分析中的应用  

HAZOP-based safety risk analysis technology for railway operation

作　　者：周帅[1] 施富强[1,2] 柴俭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]四川省安全科学技术研究院,四川成都610045

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2014年第8期92-96,共5页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：四川省安全生产科技专项项目(2011-10)

摘　　要：为提高铁路运营安全风险分析的准确性、系统性及可用性,将危险与可操作性分析法(HAZOP)与量化基准偏离度组合应用于铁路运营安全风险分析。在研究铁路运营安全风险复杂性及其现状的基础上,以铁路工务专业为例,阐述HAZOP法的分析过程,主要包括单元划分、引导词选定及偏差分析等6个步骤。引入描述偏差程度的新参数偏离度,使HAZOP法能定量分析铁路运营中安全技术要素的偏差。为提高HAZOP法的效率,将专家诊断数据库等纳入开发的HAZOP辅助系统中。将HAZOP法应用于同煤集团重载铁路专用线。应用效果表明,HAZOP法及其辅助系统可使企业针对各安全技术要素的偏差动态,采取更明确的调整对策。In order to improve the accuracy, system performance and availability of railway operation safety risk analysis, HAZOP method and quantitative benchmark ＂ deviation degree＂ were combined and used for doing safety risk analysis for railway operations. The complexity of railway operation safety risk and its status were studied. The process of HAZOP was explained on basis of taking railway engineering affairs as an example. The process resolves itselves into six steps such as units division, guide words selection and deviation analysis. Introducing a new parameter of deviation degree to HAZOP makes it can be uesed to analyse quantitatively deviations of safety technical elements from the specifications. In order to improve the efficiency of HAZOP method, an auxiliary system was established for it. An application of HAZOP method was made to a acertain special railway line in China. The results show that HAZOP method and its auxiliary system make enterprise to be able to take more effective coutermeasures to be able to take more effective coutermeasures to deal with deviations of safety technical elements from the specifica- tions.

关 键 词：危险与可操作性分析法(HAZOP) 偏离度 风险敏感因子 量化基准 分析辅助系统 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]