从《妇女乐园》看资本语境下百货商店的产生  

On the Emergence of Department Stores in Context of Capital from Literary World of Au Bonheur Des Dames

作　　者：王涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第5期12-19,共8页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：19世纪50、60年代,百货商店逐渐开始在法国出现,这一零售业的变革不仅仅是经营理念上的量变,更是足以影响和改变法国乃至欧美世界生活、消费观念的重要质变。而通过对比《妇女乐园》等文学文本中百货商店产生前后商业经营、投资者的观念,及其背后思想文化、器物等层面的因素,可以发现:百货商店的产生,固然是缘于工业革命在基本的器物层面上带来的铁路网、邮政网建设等方面的巨大改变,使得商品流通更加高效,更是由于相应产生的资本语境改变,尤其是圣西门的实业思想被当权政府落实到制度层面后出现的新金融体系,使百货商店的兴起、扩张获得了更为充足的流通资本。由此也印证了布罗代尔"长时段"和叶隽"侨易学"的相关理论:市场经济乃至世界经济层面的变化,需要首先在较长时段的日常物质生活当中考察;因为正是器物层面上的足够变化,以及精神文化层面的影响落实到具体制度层面,才会在合力的作用和资本的驱动下,产生质性的变易。In the 1850 sto 1860s,department stores came into being in France.This retail revolution was not only the quantitative change of management idea,but also the fatal qualitative change which affected living and consumption concept of France and even entire Europe and American world.After comparing the different ideas of commercial operators and investors before and during the emergence of department stores from literary world of Au Bonheur Des Dames and so on,a conclusion can be drawn based on analyzing the causes in both spiritual dimension and utensils dimension：the emergence of department stores,on the one hand,was caused by Industrial Revolution which brought tremendous changes of railway network and postal service net,making the circulation of commodities more efficient.On the other hand,it was also caused by the corresponding changes in the context of capital,especially the emergence of new financial system due to Comte de Saint-Simon＇s industrial theory,which makes department stores＇ rising and expansion.It earns more sufficient circulating capital after his theory was institutionalized by the goverment.These verify the theory of Fernand Braudel＇s ＂long-period＂ and Ye Jun＇s ＂ Kiao-Iology＂,which assumes that study on changes of market economy and even world economy should focus on daily material life,because only enough quantitative change in utensils dimension and the influences of spiritual dimension carrying out in system dimension could bring about the qualitative changes in effect of composition of forces and drive of capital.

关 键 词：《妇女乐园》 百货商店 资本语境 器物 金融资本 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]