青海高原藏系绵羊鼠疫病原生态学研究及流行病学意义  

Pathogenic ecology and epidemiological significance of Tibetan-sheep plague in Qinghai plateau

作　　者：代瑞霞[1] 杨晓艳[1] 杨永海[1] 祁美英[1] 熊浩明[1] 靳娟[1] 李存香[1] 魏荣杰[1] 辛有全[1] 李翔[1] 杨汉青[1] 魏柏青[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2014年第5期492-494,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81260438）

摘　　要：目的 分析青海高原藏系绵羊鼠疫病原生态学特征及流行病学意义.方法 以青海省1975-2009年间从藏系绵羊鼠疫所分离出的14株鼠疫菌株进行生化试验、毒力测定、毒力因子鉴定、质粒分析、差异片段（DFR）分型、宿主及媒介感染谱等研究.结果 14株鼠疫菌株的生物型为古典型,生态型均为青藏高原型.78.57％（11/14）的菌株具有鼠疫菌夹膜抗原（F1）、鼠疫杆菌素Ⅰ（PstⅠ）、毒力抗原因子（VW）、色素沉着因子（Pgm）4种毒力因子.毒力检测结果显示,14株鼠疫菌最小致死量（MLD）均在1 000个菌以下,为强毒菌.14株鼠疫菌均携带有3种质粒,其相对分子质量为6×10^6、45×10^6、65×10^6或6×10^6、45×10^6、52×10^6,其中具有分类意义的大质粒有65×10^6和52×10^6两种.玉树县、囊谦县、治多县地区分离的菌株携带65×10^6大质粒,而德令哈地区分离的菌株携带52×10^6大质粒.鼠疫菌DFR基因分型结果显示,玉树县、治多县分离的菌株均为5型,囊谦县分离的菌株1株为5型、1株为7型,德令哈市分离的菌株为8型.结论 藏系绵羊鼠疫分离的菌株均具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特性,藏系绵羊参与鼠疫流行,使青海鼠疫流行演变出许多新的特点.因此,应加强藏系绵羊鼠疫的监测工作,尤其是在旱獭鼠疫流行地区.Objective To analyze the pathogenic ecology characteristics of Tibetan-sheep plague in Qinghai plateau.Methods Total 14 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from 1975 to 2009,which were conducted biochemical test,toxicity test,virulence factor evaluation,plasmid analysis,different region （DFR） genotyping,infection spectrum of host and media.Results All the strains＆#39; biovars were antique; the ecotype was Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.78.57% （11/14） of Yersinia pestis strains contained all the four virulence factors-Fr1 （F1）,pesticin Ⅰ （Pst Ⅰ）,virulence antigen （VW） and pigmentation （Pgm）.Toxicity test showed minimum lethat dose （MLDs） were all under 1 000,so these strains were velogenic strains.Each strain contained 3 kinds of plasmid 6 × 106,45 × 106,65 × 106 or 6 × 106,45 × 106,52 × 106.65 × 106 and 52 × 106 had classification significance;strains in Yushu County,Nangqian County and Zhiduo County carried 65 × 106 plasmid,and the ones in Delingha region carried 52 × 106 plasmid.The DFR genotyping showed strains in Yushu County and Zhiduo County were genomovar 5,one strain in Nangqian County was genomovar 5 and the other was genomovar 7,and strains in Delingha region were genomovar 8.Condusions All the strains separated from Tibetan-sheep plague have the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague＆#39;s pathogen.Tibetan-sheep＇s participation in plague has developed many new characteristics in Qinghai plague.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of Tibetan sheep plague,especially in the marmot plague-endemic areas.

关 键 词：鼠疫 病原生态学 绵羊 流行病学 

分 类 号：S858.26[农业科学—临床兽医学]