2013年贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒防治效果评价  

Evaluation of the prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Guizhou 2013

作　　者：张伯友[1] 李达圣[1] 张锐智[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治研究所流行病科,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2014年第5期534-536,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的 了解贵州省惠水县、贵阳市白云区燃煤型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）病区儿童氟中毒病情、家庭户改良炉灶及相关健康生活行为的改变,为地氟病可持续性防治提供科学依据.方法 2013年,在贵州省惠水县、贵阳市白云区各抽取3个乡镇,每个乡镇各抽取3个村作为调查点.对抽中村全体在校8～ 12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,诊断按《氟斑牙诊断》（WS/T 208-2011）进行;同时抽取10户家庭.对改良炉灶情况及相关健康生活行为情况进行问卷调查.调查结果采用《地方性氟中毒病区控制标准》（GB 17017-2010）进行病区防治效果判定.结果 惠水县、白云区8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为2.75％（23/836）、2.26％（11/487）,且各村检出率均低于30％;改良炉灶合格率、炉灶正确使用率均为100.0％（90/90）;玉米正确干燥率均为100.0％（90/90）,辣椒正确干燥率分别为98.9％（89/90）、100.0％（90/90）.结论 病区防治效果明显,且均已达到控制标准.应继续完善病区综合防治的长效机制,实现基本消除燃煤型地氟病危害目标.Objective Through investigation of children fluorosis illness,family households improved stoves and related life styles,to provide a scientific basis for sustainable control of endemic fluorosis.Methods In 2013,in Huishui County and Baiyun District,3 towns were selected in each county（district）,and 3 villages were selected in each town.All 8-12 years old children in the school of these villages were checked dental fluorosis,which was diagnosed according to ＆quot;Dental Fluorosis Diagnosis＆quot; （WS/T 208-2011）; at the same time,10 families were selected to survey the situation of improved stoves and related life styles.Results Dental fluorosis detection rate of 8-12 years old children in Huishui and Baiyun were 2.75% （23/836） and 2.26% （11/487）,which were all lower than 30%.Qualified rate of improved stoves and qualified stoves correct utilization rate were all 100.0% （90/90）.For human consumption,the correct rate of corn drying was 100.0% （90/90） ; the correct rates of chili drying were 98.9% （89/90） and 100.0% （90/90）.Conclusions The prevention effect is obvious,which has reached the control standards.We should continue to improve the long-term mechanism of comprehensive control measures,and to achieve substantial elimination of coal-burning endemic fluorosis.

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 煤 氟化物中毒 改良炉灶 数据收集 结果评价 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]