不同渗透压液体洗胃对兔内环境和肺组织的影响  

Effect of gastric lavage with solutions of different osmotic pressure on internal environment and lung tissue in rabbits

作　　者：刘慧[1] 许铁[2] 周莹[3] 

机构地区：[1]徐州医学院研究生学院,江苏徐州221002 [2]徐州医学院附属医院急救中心,江苏徐州221002 [3]徐州医学院附属医院护理部,江苏徐州221002

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2014年第19期34-36,共3页

摘　　要：目的探讨不同渗透压液体洗胃对兔内环境和肺组织的影响。方法将32只日本长耳大白兔随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、清水组(CW组)、0.45%氯化钠溶液组(HS组)、0.9%氯化钠溶液组(NS组),每组8只。CW组、HS组、NS组分别用清水、0.45%氯化钠溶液和0.9%氯化钠溶液进行洗胃,NC组仅置胃管不洗胃。各组在置胃管前以及洗胃结束后(NC组在对应时间点)采血检测血电解质,计算血浆渗透压;然后用气栓法处死兔,取全肺检测肺系数,取右下肺行苏木精-伊红染色,光镜下观察肺组织病理学变化情况。结果洗胃前各组兔血电解质、血浆渗透压相比,差异无统计学意义。洗胃后,CW组和HS组血钠浓度、血浆渗透压显著下降(均P<0.05);CW组、HS组和NS组血钾、血钙浓度显著下降(均P<0.05)。CW组和HS组肺系数较另两组显著升高(均P<0.05)。结论清水和0.45%氯化钠溶液洗胃可导致低钠、低钾和低钙,血浆渗透压下降,肺系数增加,诱发和加重肺水肿。0.9%氯化钠溶液洗胃可降低低钠血症发生率,减缓血钙下降速度,并对血浆渗透压、肺系数无明显影响。Objective To study the effect of gastric lavage with solutions of different osmotic pressure on internal environment and lung tissue in rabbits. Methods Thirty-two Japanese White rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups： normal control （NC） group, clear water （CW） group, 0.45% sodium chloride solution （HS） group, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution （NS） group. The NC group only received placement of gastric tube, while the other 3 groups received gastric lavage with clear water, 0.45% sodium chloride solution, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution respectively. Blood samples of each group were collected be- fore placement of gastric tube and after gastric lavage to measure serum electrolytes and plasma osmotic pressure. At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were sacrificed, and then lungs were removed to measure pulmonary coefficient. At last, tissue of the right lower lung was stained by the hematoxylin-eosin staining method, and pathomorphological changes of the lung tissue were observed under the light microscope. Results Before gastric lavage, the values of serum electrolytes and plasma osmotic pressure had no sig- nificant differences among the four groups. After gastric lavage, the serum sodium concentration and the plasma osmotic pressure were significantly decreased in the CW group and HS group （P〈0.05 for both）. Serum potassium and calcium levels in the CW group, HS group and NS group were significantly decreased （P〈0.05 for all）. Pulmonary coefficients in the CW group and HS group were significantly increased compared with the NC group and NS group （P〈0.05 for all）. Conclusion Gastric lavage with clear water and 0.45 % sodium chloride solution may lead to hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocaleemia, lower plasma osmotic pressure, increase pulmonary coefficients, and induce or aggravate pulmonary edema. Gastric lavage with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution can effectively prevent hyponatremia, slow a decrease in serum calcium, and have no significant effect on pl

关 键 词：兔 洗胃 内环境 电解质 肺系数 水肿 动物实验 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学]