育龄期与非育龄期女性及0～6岁儿童麻疹血清学抗体水平调查分析  

Measles serological antibody levels investigation analysis among women of childbearing and non-childbearing age and children aged 0 to 6 years

作　　者：张胜良[1] 张永基 阿克忠[1] 赵生仓 范丽霞[1] 张万平 祁贵海 夏伟[4] 

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心,西宁810007 [2]湟源县疾病预防控制中心 [3]贵德县疾病预防控制中心 [4]世界卫生组织驻华代表处

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2014年第8期827-829,834,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会/WHO/UNICEF加强西部地区麻疹监测项目(WPCHN1206297)

摘　　要：目的客观了解育龄期女性和0～6岁儿童麻疹风疹抗体水平及变化规律。方法采用分层抽样方法,随机抽取43名育龄期女性和103名非育龄期女性,以及183名0～6岁儿童,采集5 ml静脉血;应用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法对血标本进行麻疹风疹IgG抗体水平检测。结果非育龄期女性麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率高于育龄期女性(χ2=10.780,P=0.001;χ2=4.821,P=0.028);非育龄期女性与育龄期麻疹抗体几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)分别为1 962.10 mIU/ml(95%CI:1 239.71l～2 684.49mIU/ml)和1 174.00 mIU/ml(95%CI:774.63～1 573.37 mIU/ml);非育龄期女性和育龄期女性麻疹抗体保护率分别为66.02%和46.51%;婴儿3月龄后麻疹抗体水平下降明显,4～7月龄麻疹抗体水平最低,明显低于其他各年龄组,8月龄～6岁麻疹抗体维持在较高水平;有免疫较无免疫史抗体水平较高。结论 8月龄接种麻疹类疫苗效果显著;0～3月龄婴幼儿麻疹抗体维持在相对较高水平,4～7月龄麻疹胎传抗体衰减较快,8月龄～6岁婴幼儿麻疹抗体水平较高,与8月龄开始接种麻疹类疫苗以及近年麻疹类疫苗强化免疫有关;育龄期女性有必要接种麻疹疫苗。Objective To investigate the measles antibody level and change rules among women of childbearing and non - childbearing age and children aged 0 to 6 years. Methods Stratified sampling method, randomly se- lected 43 cases of women of childbearing age and 103 cases of women of non -childbearing age, 5ml blood as well as 183 children aged 0 to 6 years collected. The ELISA （ enzyme linked immunosorbent assay） method was used to test the measles IgG antibody level. Results Measles antibody positive rate and protective rate of women of non - childbearing age were higher than that of women of childbearing age （χ2 = 10. 780, P = 0. 001 ;χ2 =4. 821, P =0. 028） ; antibody geometric mean concentration （GMC） of women of non - child- bearing age and women of childbearing age was 1962. 10mIU/ml （ 95% CI： 1239. 711 ～ 2684. 49mIU/ml） and 1174. 00 mIU/ml （ 95%CI： 774. 63 ～1573.37 mIU/ml） respectively. The protective rate of women of non-childbearing age and women of childbearing age was 66. 02% and 46.51% respectively; 3 -month - old infant measles antibody levels decline significantly, the measles antibody lowest level was 4 -7 months, which was significantly lower than all other age groups, 8 months to 6 years old at a higher level, the antibody of immunization history was higher than those without immunization history. Conclusions The better effective- ness was achieved for 8 months children to immunity measles vaccine ; 0 - 3 month old infant measles antibody remained at a relatively high level, 4 -7 months old measles antibody of fetal transmission declined rapidly, measles antibody levels of 8 months to 6 years was higher, which was relative with supplementary immunization activities in recent years, childbearing woman is necessary to inoculate measles vaccine.

关 键 词：育龄期与非育龄期 婴幼儿 麻疹 抗体水平 调查 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]