大科学装置与高能宇宙线起源的探索  

Scientific infrastructures and explore for high energy cosmic ray origins

作　　者：曹臻[1] 何会海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2014年第10期1095-1107,共13页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

摘　　要：大科学装置已经成为全球创新系统中具有支撑作用的框架结构,对中国作为一个国家和宇宙线物理作为一个研究领域来说也是一样的.在其一百年发展史中,传统的宇宙线研究并非完全以大科学装置为依托.20世纪80年代以后,为了探索宇宙中微子和极高能宇宙线粒子,那必不可少的巨大中微子灵敏体积和至少上千平方公里的极高能宇宙线探测面积才给这个古老的学科设定了新的标准,而随之提出的几个大科学装置相继建成并在近几十年的宇宙线研究的辉煌成就中占据了核心地位,尤其在甚高能伽马射线天文学.在过去的20年内,中国为发展巡天普查伽马射线源的广延空气簇射技术做出了巨大的努力,成功地运行了ASγ和ARGO-YBJ两个高海拔国际宇宙线实验.现在,我们提出独具特色的高海拔空气簇射测量装置LHAASO的建设计划,建设面积达一平方公里的复合探测器阵列,以多种探测手段的有机组合寻求发现高能宇宙线起源,挑战新世纪里未解之科学难题.凭借其30 TeV以上最高的探测灵敏度,LHAASO将成为整个宇宙线研究领域的支柱项目之一.Scientific infrastructures are the backbone of the innovation for the whole world. It is also true for China as a country and for cosmic ray as a reasearch branch. In its history of 100 years, the traditional cosmic ray research does not totally mega project rely on. Since 80＇s of last century, the detection of cosmic neutrino and ultra high energy cosmic rays set the new standard for the old field because the necessarity of huge active volume of the neutrino detector and the effective area of more than 1000 km2. The new mega projects are proposed and built in the last decades and have been playing central roles for the tramendous successes in cosmic ray research, particularly for the Very High Energy （VHE） gamma ray astronomy. China has been making significant efforts in survey for VHE gamma ray sources by developing the extensive air shower techniques in last two decades. After the successful operation of the two major international high altitude observatories, ASγ and ARGO-YBJ, we propose the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory （LHAASO）, as a complex array of many type of detectors deployed over one square kilometers, to challenge one of the unsolved problems in the new century, i.e, the origin of the high energy cosmic rays. With the highest sensitivity at the energy above 30 TeV, LHAASO will be one of the pillards for the cosmic ray research.

关 键 词：伽马射线源 甚高能伽马天文学 超高能中微子天文学 极高能粒子天文学 宇宙线 

分 类 号：P172.4[天文地球—天文学]