蟹虾贝混养池塘生态系统微生物群落功能多样性研究  

The Functional Diversity of Flora in Polyculture Ecosystem of Swimming Crab,Shrimp and Short-necked Clam

作　　者：刘瑞娟[1] 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 张凯[1] 阳钢[1] 闫法军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产科学》2014年第9期535-544,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金资助项目(JQ201009)

摘　　要：应用BIOLOG生态微板研究了三疣梭子蟹不同混养生态系统的细菌群落功能多样性,包括三疣梭子蟹和菲律宾蛤仔分别与中国明对虾、凡纳滨对虾和日本囊对虾混养系统,以三疣梭子蟹单养作为对照。结果表明,不同养殖生态系统细菌群落代谢功能在整个养殖期间表现出动态变化趋势,对底物碳源的利用数量和利用强度也具有较大差异。(1)随着时间的推移,三疣梭子蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和中国明对虾混养系统中水体中细菌群落代谢活性逐渐增强,而三疣梭子蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和日本囊对虾混养系统则逐渐降低。试验后期,中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾两个混养系统中水体细菌群落代谢活性显著高于三疣梭子蟹单养系统,而凡纳滨对虾和日本囊对虾两个混养系统中底泥细菌群落代谢活性显著高于单养模式,中国明对虾混养系统则显著低于单养系统。(2)不同混养系统水体和底泥细菌群落对碳源种类利用差异随时间分化显著。试验后期,中国明对虾混养系统中水体细菌群落和日本囊对虾混养系统中底泥细菌群落对6类碳源的利用强度总体上均显著高于三疣梭子蟹单养系统(P<0.05)。(3)水体细菌群落功能Shannon指数和Simpson指数在试验后期出现显著差异(P<0.05),McIntosh指数则在整个试验期间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾两个混养系统中水体细菌群落3种多样性指数均显著高于三疣梭子蟹单养系统(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾和日本囊对虾两个混养系统中底泥细菌群落功能McIntosh指数随时间呈显著升高趋势,而三疣梭子蟹单养系统却随时间呈显著下降趋势。试验后期凡纳滨对虾和日本囊对虾两个混养系统中底泥微生物群落多样性指数均显著高于单养模式(P<0.05)。混养凡纳滨对虾可能更有助于对混养生态系统细菌群落的结构与功能的优化。The functional diversity of flora was studied in four polyculture ecosystems including swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus,Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and short-necked clamRuditapes philippinarum（B）,swimming crab,Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei,and short-necked clam（C）,swimming crab,kuruma shrimp Marsupeaaeus japonicus,and short-necked clam（D）,and monoculture of swimming crab（A,as control group）using ECO-BIOLOG kit.The results showed that there were different metabolisms of the flora and utilization strength of substrate carbon in various ecosystems during the culture period.（1）The flora had gradual increase in metabolic activity in Chinese shrimp,short-necked clam and swimming crab polyculture ecosystem as time elapsed.In the later experiment,there was significantly higher metabolic activity of the flora in B and C polyculture modes than that in A mode（monoculture mode）.（2）In the later experiment,there was significantly higher utilization of substrate carbon in B and D polyculture modes than that in A mode（P〈0.05）.（3）In the later experiment,significant differences in Shannon index and Simpson index were observed in the flora in the different ecosystems（P〈0.05）.The McIntosh index,however,was significant difference during the entire experiment（P〈0.05）.The three diversity indices of the flora were significantly higher in the Chinese shrimp and white shrimp polyculture modes than that in the monoculture of swimming crab（P〈0.05）.The findings indicate that the ecosystem structure and function of the flora can be further improved by the polyculture swimming crab,and short-necked clam with Pacific whiteleg shrimp.

关 键 词：混养 虾 蟹 贝 微生物群落 多样性 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]