粤北岩溶峰丛自然坡面与梯田土壤侵蚀特征分析  

Soil Erosion Characteristics of Natural Slopes and Terraces of Karst Peak-Cluster in Northern Guangdong Province

作　　者：魏兴琥[1] 徐喜珍[2] 雷俐[2] 周红艳[2] 李忠云[2] 

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院,广东佛山528000 [2]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2014年第9期43-47,69,共5页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动项目(KZCX2-XB3-10);国家自然科学基金(31170486);广东省自然科学基金(S2012010009272)

摘　　要：选择广东省英德市岩背镇典型峰丛洼地坡面为调查样地,系统调查自然坡面与梯田不同海拔的岩石裸露率、土层厚度、坡度,并测定其土壤粒度。结果表明：1峰丛洼地自然坡面的岩石裸露率与高程、高程与坡度之间存在极显著正相关关系,土层厚度与岩石裸露率、坡度、高程之间均为极显著负相关关系,岩石裸露率与坡度之间为显著负相关关系,而梯田由于人为平整,土层厚度与高程的关系规律不明显。2峰丛洼地自然坡面土壤中砂粒含量最高,平均含量为75.79%,其次是粉粒和黏粒,含量分别为6.73%-22.35%、1.21%-15.44%,随海拔降低细砂粒、粉粒含量有增加趋势,粗砂粒含量有降低趋势;梯田地表土壤中粗粉粒含量最高,分别为29.53%-37.71%,其次是细砂粒、黏粒,含量分别为25.58%-41.66%、14.55%-19.37%,粗砂粒和石砾含量较低,分别低于8.11%和2%。3峰丛洼地地貌的复杂性和岩溶环境的土—石二元结构形成的地表非均质性极大地影响了地表侵蚀与土壤物质搬运过程,地表侵蚀与垂直渗漏共存。4梯田改造了坡面地形,在一定程度上降低了土壤地表侵蚀的程度,减少了土壤细粒物质的流失,但无法阻止垂直渗漏现象的发生。The paper selected a typical Karst peak-cluster depression area in Yanbei Town of Yingde City of Guangdong Province as the research area. It systematically investigated the soil thickness,coverage of rock,slope and altitude at different plots of natural slopes and terraces and measured the soil particle size in all plots with different depths. The results show that a) there is significant positive correlation between the coverage of rock and altitude,altitude and slope. While,there is significant negative correlation between soil thickness and coverage of rock,slope,altitude,and there is negative correlation between coverage of rock and slope in natural slopes of Karst peak-cluster depression area.Because of artificial leveling,there is no significant correlation between soil thickness and altitude in terraces; b) the content of sand in natural slopes is the maximum. The average content is 75. 79%. Then are silt and clay,the content are 6. 73% ~ 22. 35% and 1. 21% ~15. 44% respectively. The content of fine sand and silt have the trend of increase and coarse sand changes obviously along with the decline of altitude. The content of coarse silt in surface soil of terraces are the maximum between 29. 53% and 37. 71%,next are fine sand and clay and the content are 25. 58% ~ 41. 66% and 14. 55% ~ 19. 37% respectively and the content of coarse sand and gravels are lower than 8.11% and 2% respectively; c) Due to the complexity of karst peak-cluster depression landform and heterogeneity of soil-rock dual structure of karst environment,it has greatly affected the process of surface erosion and soil transport. The surface erosion and vertical leakage always coexist and; d) terraces have reformed the topography of slope,reduced the degree of surface erosion and the loss of silt and clay to some extent,but they cannot stop the happening of vertical leakage.

关 键 词：峰丛洼地 土壤侵蚀 土壤粒度 自然坡面 梯田 粤北地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]