干旱内陆区水环境系统对土地荒漠化形成的控制作用——以敦煌盆地为例  

Effects of Water Ruoironmental System on Desertification in an Inland Region of Northwestern China——A Case Study in Dunhuang Basin

作　　者：秦绪文[1] 陈伟涛[2] 李显巨[3] 杨俊仓 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学计算机学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国地质大学研究生院,湖北武汉430074 [4]甘肃省地质环境监测院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2014年第5期39-45,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301026;91125009);中国地质调查局项目(1212011220965)

摘　　要：以2010年成像的RapidEye卫星遥感数据和水文地质调查数据为主要数据源,深入分析了敦煌盆地水环境系统对土地荒漠化形成的控制作用,并总结了不同荒漠化类型分布的地貌特征及包气带土壤剖面结构特征。结果表明：研究区荒漠化程度非常严重,其中极重度和重度荒漠化土地的面积之和为9 751.9km^2,占荒漠化土地总面积的86.53%;水环境系统对研究区土地荒漠化形成的控制作用,一方面受水库截留和近30年来灌区面积飞速扩张的影响,另一方面受水文地质条件的影响;研究区极重度和重度荒漠化土地分别位于地下水潜水埋深大于1m和1-3m、且地下水矿化度为0-16g/L的地区;地下水潜水埋深为5m时,是研究区内（极）重度荒漠化与中度荒漠化土地分布的临界埋深,地下水潜水埋深为3m时,则是研究区轻度荒漠化与中度荒漠化土地分布的临界埋深;轻度荒漠化土地主要分布在地下水矿化度小于12g/L的范围内。In this study,four scenes RapidEye satellite images on 2010 and field hydrology investigation dataset are selected,and the effects of water resources system on desertification are analyzed profoundly in Dunhuang basin,northwestern China.The results reveal that the desertified desertification there is very serious.The total area extremely and severely desertified is 9 751.9km^2,which is 86.53%of the study area.In addition,the traits of geography and profiles of soil on vadose zone for various desertification degrees were analyzed.The controlling effects of water resources on desertification can be presented as follows.One is the reservoir interception and the rapid increase of irrigation area in recent 30 years,the other is the hydrology condition.The extreme and severe desertification is distributed in the less than 1mand 1-3mof groundwater level respectively,and the TDS is 0-16g/L.Besides,5mis the critical groundwater level for the extreme and severe desertification,while 3mis for mild and medium desertification.The mild desertification is distributed mainly in the district whose TDS is less than 12g/L.

关 键 词：土地荒漠化 水环境系统 RapidEye 潜水埋深 矿化度 敦煌盆地 

分 类 号：S288[农业科学—农业水土工程]