废旧电动汽车用动力电池运输安全的试验研究  

Experimental Research on the Transportation Security of Waste Electric Vehicle Traction Battery

作　　者：余海军 谢英豪 李长东 

机构地区：[1]广东邦普循环科技有限公司,广东佛山528244 [2]广东省动力电池和电动汽车循环利用研究院士工作站,广东佛山528244

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2014年第5期170-173,180,共5页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家火炬计划项目(2013GH061426);广东省战略性新兴产业核心技术攻关项目(2011A032302001);广东省产学研结合项目(2011A090700002);佛山市院市合作项目(2012HY100132)

摘　　要：为了解决废旧电动汽车用动力电池运输安全问题,以废旧锂离子动力电池和镍氢动力电池为研究对象,通过分析废旧动力电池电解液泄漏、电池燃烧爆炸的特点,进行了振动试验、冲击试验和外部短路试验,考察了温度、振动、冲击和外部短路对废旧动力电池运输安全的影响,并提出了具体的应对措施。结果表明:锂离子动力电池电解液闪点较低,电解液泄漏并接触到空气中的氧气会引起电池着火燃烧,甚至爆炸;振动试验对废旧动力电池无明显影响;冲击试验可造成电池焊缝出现开裂;电池外部短路时,电池温度随电池剩余容量(SOC)的减少而减少,电池宜在SOC为0时运输,同时正负极触头应有绝缘防护;锂离子动力电池和镍氢动力电池应采用耐腐蚀、防泄漏容器分别独立放置,且在雨天运输时宜采用水密性高的刚性防水密封容器盛放,以避免其遭受雨淋。In order to solve the transportation security problems of spent traction batteries,this paper choosse the spent lithium-ion traction batteries and Ni-MH traction batteries as the research representative samples.The paper investigates the influence of temperature,vibration,shock and external short circuit on transportation security of spent traction batteries by analyzing the characteristics of combustion and explosion,and then carries out the vibration test,impact test and external short circuit test.Then specific transport measures are put forward.The result shows that the electrolyte in lithium-ion traction batteries has a low flash point,the electrolyte leakage and exposure to oxygen in the air can cause the battery to catch fire or even explode.Vibration test has no significant effect on spent batteries,impact test can cause batteries welding crack,and the temperature of external short circuit batteries diminishes with the SOC.Batteries have the appropriate SOC at 0in transportation,and at the mean time,both positive and negative contacts should have insulation protection.Lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH batteries should be separately placed in corrosion resistant,leak-proof containers.We should employ the rain highly rigid waterproof watertight sealed containers to prevent waste battery from raining during the transportation.

关 键 词：废旧动力电池 运输安全 振动试验 冲击试验 外部短路试验 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]