铝致大鼠中枢神经系统病理形态学改变的研究  

Effect of Aluminum on Pathology of Central Nerve System in Rats

作　　者：唐焕文[1] 韦小敏[2] 庄志雄[3] 谢佩意[2] 王清海 梁海荣 潘毅 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理教研室,广州510080 [2]广西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学教研室 [3]深圳市卫生防疫站 [4]广西平果铝业公司职工医院 [5]广西桂林灌阳县卫生防疫站 [6]广西百色卫校

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2002年第8期902-904,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区科学技术基金项目 (2 0 0 1 - 1 8)

摘　　要：目的　观察不同剂量、不同染毒时间铝对脑神经细胞数和海马颗粒空泡变性 (GVD)的影响及神经细胞的结构变化 ,为探讨铝的神经毒作用机制提供依据。方法　 14 4只大鼠分为腹腔注射AlCl3 剂量组 (分别为 5 0、15 0、2 5 0mg/kg/d)和生理盐水对照组 ,于染铝 4 ,8,12周处死动物 ,取各脑区标本进行光镜、电镜观察。 结果　与对照组比较 ,15 0mg/kg4周及 5 0mg/kg12周组 ,大脑顶叶锥体层锥体细胞、小脑浦肯野细胞和海马锥体细跑数显著减少 (P<0 0 5 ) :5 0mg/kg8周组、15 0mg/kg及 2 5 0mg/kg4周组的GVD细胞数即有明显增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且各剂量组细胞GVD阳性率与铝剂量有相关性 ;光镜下 5 0mg/kg8周组和 15 0mg/kg4周组即出现尼氏小体溶解消失、核固缩等现象 ;电镜下 2 5 0mg/kg12周组 ,出现核膜变形 ,核仁变小 ,核周空泡化 ,线粒体肿胀等 ;15 0mg/kg12周组海马神经细胞出现核涨大空化。结论　本实验结果进一步证实了铝的神经毒性 ,其中海马GVD可能起重要作用 。Objective To observe effect of aluminum on the changes of number and structure of neurons in brain and granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD)in hippocampus in rats and to provide some evidences on the mechanism of neurotoxicity.Methods One hundred fourty four rats were divided into three experimental and control groups,experimental groups were given aluminum by intraperitoneal injection with aluminum chloride in 5.0,15.0 and 25.0mg/kg respectively.The change of number and structure of nerve cells were observed in different domain of brain with microscope and electron-microscope.Results 15.0mg/kg for 4 weeks or 5.0mg/kg for 12 weeks group could result in the decrease of neurons in cerebrum,Pukinje cells in cerebellum and pyramidal neurons in hippocampus significantly( P <0.05);the number of GVD cells increased significantly( P <0.05)when the dosages of aluminum at 5.0mg/kg for 8 weeks or 15mg/kg and 25mg/kg for 4 weeks;the incidence of GVD per 300 nerve cells were significantly related to the dosage of aluminum;Nissl bodies dissolving and dissipating,nucleus-shrinkage were observed by microscope at 5.0mg/kg for 8 weeks or 15.0mg/kg for 4 weeks; nucleus membrane transfigure and dissolving,micronucleus small,nucleus circumference vacant-spongy,mitochondria enlarging were detected with electronic-microscope;the swell and vacant-spongy of never cells nucleus of hippocampus at dosage of 15.0mg/kg for 12 weeks.Conclusion The results confirmed profoundly that aluminum had nerve toxicity and might play an important role in increasing the risk of GVD,and suggested that nerve toxicity might be related to the number decreasing and structure changing of neurons due to the dosage of aluminum.

关 键 词：铝 大鼠 中枢神经系统 病理形态学 颗粒空泡变性 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R994.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]