稻田沟渠施肥后降雨径流中氮素迁移规律研究  

Nitrogen transport mechanisms in ditches of rainfall-runoff after fertilizing

作　　者：王晓玲[1] 涂佳敏[2] 李松敏[1] 乔斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《水利学报》2014年第9期1075-1081,共7页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理国家科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-008);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(51021004)

摘　　要：农田养分的大量流失已成为农业非点源污染的主要来源之一,针对施肥后降雨作用下农田沟渠氮素迁移规律的研究对农业非点源污染的防治具有重要意义。由于水稻生育后期施肥量大大减少,故以宜兴市何家浜上游的水稻耕作区为研究对象,重点对比分析了施肥后降雨作用下水稻生长前期沟渠水的氮素浓度分布特征,以及降雨径流过程中沟渠氮素的迁移规律。研究结果表明:(1)降雨量≤15 mm的限制型降雨事件中,处于施肥中期、末期的沟渠系统整个降雨过程中TN浓度波动范围较小;(2)水稻生长前期沟渠系统氮素输出的主要形态为NH4+-N和NO3--N,且降雨初期径流以颗粒态氮为主;(3)沟渠对氮素具有截留效应,沿沟渠水流方向氮素含量总体上沿程下降。With huge loss of farmland nutrient becoming a main source of agricultural non-point source pollution,it is significant to study the nitrogen transport and transformation in farmland ditches. The fertilization is greatly reduced on the late stage of rice growth. Taking paddy fields in the upstream area of the Hejia River as the study area,the nitrogen concentration distribution and migration in drainage water after fertilizing was measured and analyzed at the early growth stage during rainfall and runoff. The results showed that（1） during the middle and late period of fertilization,the fluctuation range of TN concentration was small;（2）NH4^＋-N（Ammonia nitrogen） and NO3^--N（Nitrate） were the primary transport forms of nitrogen,and PN （Particle nitrogen） was mainly in the earlier runoff;and （3） the general change of nitrogen content presented the downward trend along the flow direction.

关 键 词：施肥 降雨径流 氮素 迁移与形态分布特征 排水沟渠 非点源污染 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]