地膜不同覆盖方式对大棚中小气候及黄瓜生长的影响  

Effects of plastic mulching methods on microclimate and cucumber growth in vinyl houses

作　　者：丁小涛[1] 郝婷[1,2] 金海军[1] 张红梅[1] 余纪柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海市农业科学院园艺研究所,上海201403 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2014年第4期22-28,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科委项目"黄瓜安全种植规范及过程监管技术规范"(11391901600);上海市科委重大项目"黄瓜;番茄等高效优质安全栽培技术研究与示范"(13231204201);浦东新区科技发展基金创新资金(PKQ2012-03-4)

摘　　要：在大棚栽堵条件下,研究了全地膜覆盖和畦面地膜覆盖对大棚中环境条件及黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明:大棚全地膜覆盖较畦面地膜覆盖可以有效提高低温时期大棚中的土壤温度,降低棚内空气湿度,4月初大棚土壤温度最高可以提高约2℃,空气湿度最多可以降低11.5%;大棚全地膜覆盖增加了不同时期黄瓜单位叶面积鲜重、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,试验品种‘春秋王'和‘春秋王2号'平均单株总产量较对照分别提高了23.6%和16.9%;大棚全地膜覆盖使黄瓜2个品种霜霉病病情指数分别降低24.3%和22.0%,整个田间灌水量减少40%。The vinyl house culture of two cucumber cultivars-‘Chunqiuwang’,‘Chunqiuwang 2’-was carried out under plastic mulching on whole ground and on ridge surface.The results showed that compared with plastic mulching on ridge surface,plastic mulching on whole ground could effectively raise soil temperature and drop air humidity in vinyl houses at a low temperature stage,increasing soil temperature by about 2 ℃ and decreasing air humidity by 11 .5% in early April;Plastic mulching on whole ground improved the fresh weight per unit leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cucumber at different stages,and both ‘Chunqiuwang’and ‘Chunqiuwang 2’cultivars’aver-age total yields per plant were respectively 23.6% and 16.9% higher than those of control ones;Plas-tic mulching on whole ground made both cultivars’disease indexes of downy mildew decrease by 24.3% and 22.0% respectively,and meanwhile the entire irrigation water amount was reduced by 40%.

关 键 词：黄瓜 产量 病情指数 土壤温度 空气湿度 塑料大棚 地膜覆盖 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]