中国鲷科鱼类骨骼系统比较及属种间分类地位探讨  

Comparative osteology in eight sparid fishes( Osteichthyes: Perciformes)with remarks on their classification

作　　者：陈咏霞[1] 刘静[2] 刘龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,海洋生物分类与系统演化研究室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第9期1360-1374,共15页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31172053;41276166)

摘　　要：为进一步探讨鲷科鱼类分类和系统进化关系长期存在的争议问题,实验采用常规方法制备采自中国近海鲷科5属8种(亚种)鱼类的骨骼标本,并对头骨进行比较分析。结果显示,依据尾舌骨腹缘是否分叉、前颌骨犬齿数目、中筛骨背面中央为纵嵴或为凹窝、蝶耳骨后侧缘是否与额骨相连、围眶骨形态、腭骨后支是否发达等特征,将中国鲷科鱼类分为2个类群:平鲷属和棘鲷属为一类;赤鲷属、犁齿鲷属和牙鲷属为另一类。犁齿鲷属和赤鲷属在前颌骨和齿骨的臼齿列数、第三围眶骨、后耳骨以及腭骨等骨骼特征差异较小。金赤鲷与真赤鲷之间、黑棘鲷与切氏黑棘鲷之间骨骼特征差异较小,支持真赤鲷与金赤鲷、黑棘鲷与切氏黑棘鲷为同一物种的观点。研究表明,鲷科鱼类各属种间在尾舌骨、前颌骨、围眶骨、中筛骨、蝶耳骨、腭骨上表现出明显的形态差异,这些特征可以作为属间、种间的鉴别特征。The sparid fishes are one of the most economically important marine fishes in the world.However,the classification and phylogeny of Sparidae have been long confused due to the high diversity of morphological characters. The present paper deals with the comparative osteology in eight species pertaining to five genera of Sparidae collected from Chinese coastal waters by conventional method. The results indicate that the family Sparidae is divided into two groups on the basis of the comparative anatomy and morphology of urohyoid,premaxilla,mesethmoid,sphenotic,circumorbital series and palatinum. The two genera Rhabdosargus and Acanthopagrus are grouped in one clade,and the three genera Pagrus,Evynnis and Dentex are grouped in another clade. There is a subtle difference between Pagrus and Evynnis in the characters including number and patterns of molariform teeth on both jaws,the third circumorblital,the palatinum and opisthotic. There are no obvious differences in osteological characters between P. auratus and P. major. The present results suggest that these two species,P. auratus and P. major,did not show enough morphological divergences to be classified as different species. We support partly the findings of Paulin that these two species should be treated as a single species named P. auratus,because P. auratus is the senior synonym of P. major. Similarly,the present results also suggest that the relationship between A. schlegelii schlegelii and A. schlegelii czerskii is at the level of a single species named A. schlegelii. These characters of skeletons can be used as important basis for identifying genera or species.

关 键 词：鲷科 骨骼系统 形态学 分类地位 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学] S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]