小球藻藻渣替代豆粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和氮磷排放的影响  

Effects of the replacement of soybean meal by co-products of Chlorella on Litopenaeus vannamei growth performance,nitrogen and phosphorus loading

作　　者：何亚丁[1] 华雪铭[1] 孔纯 吴钊[1] 陈晓明[1] 朱伟星[1] 焦建刚[1] 周志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第9期1538-1547,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家海洋局专项(SHME2011SW02);上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206)

摘　　要：为探究小球藻藻渣替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的豆粕对其生长性能及氮磷排放的影响,实验设计6种等氮等能饲料:使用6%、11%、16%、21%(A1、A2、A3、A4组)的藻渣分别替代饲料中5.5%、10.0%、14.5%、19.0%的豆粕,使用8%的藻渣替代饲料中5.1%的鱼粉(B组)和不使用藻渣的对照组。用上述6种饲料饲喂初始体质量为(5.02±0.73)g的凡纳滨对虾45 d。结果发现,存活率A3组显著低于对照组;增重率和特定生长率A2组和A4组与对照组差异不显著,其他各组显著低于对照组;饲料系数A3组显著高于对照组,其他各组无显著性差异;蛋白质效率A3组最低,B组其次,其他四组无显著性差异。肌肉鲜样中蛋白质含量组间无显著性差异;对照组总磷含量最低,A4组最高。肌肉总氨基酸和总必需氨基酸呈现先上升后下降的趋势,A2组含量最高;总非必需氨基酸A1、A2和A4组显著高于对照组,其他组与对照组无显著性差异。肠道中,除A1组外,其他各组蛋白酶活力显著低于对照组;脂肪酶A2组显著高于对照组;淀粉酶A4组显著低于对照组。肝胰脏中,蛋白酶活力A1组最低,其他组与对照组差异不显著;5个实验组脂肪酶活力均显著高于对照组,且A3组最高;淀粉酶除A3组外,其他各组显著低于对照组。耗氧率各组间差异不显著;排氨率呈先上升后下降的趋势,A3组最高。各替代组排放率均不高于对照组;氮排放率A3最高,其他组均不高于对照组。研究表明,小球藻藻渣可以部分替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的豆粕,当其用量为11%时,可使豆粕的用量从19.0%降至10.0%而不影响凡纳滨对虾的生长和氮排放,并降低磷排放。As the residue of defatted microalgae,Chlorella co-products were still rich in nutrient component.If the residue wasn＇t rationally utilized,it would not only become a waste of resources,but also cause environmental pollution. Some researchers are very conscious of the problems involved. Although they focused on protein content of the co-products,there was few detail to deal with it. This study researched on whether Chlorella co-products could replace soybean meal or fish meal in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei.Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds were formulated and fed to white shrimp with initial weight（ 5.02 ±0.73） g for 45 days. The feeds contained 0%,6%,11%,16%,21% co-products to replace soybean meal respectively; and contained 8% co-products to replace fish meal. The six feeds were also named control,A1,A2,A3,A4 and B groups respectively. The results showed that group A3 had lower survival rate compared with control. There were no significant differences in weight gain rate and specific growth rate among group A2,A4 and control. Feed Coefficient Ratio in group A3 was the lowest compared with other groups. Protein efficiency ratio in A3 was the lowest and group B was also lower than other groups. No significant differences were found in muscle protein contents among all groups,while total phosphor contents in all replacement groups were higher than control,and group A4 was the highest. Total amino acids and total essential amino acids were first increased and then decreased,group A3 was the highest; total nonessential amino acids of control were lower than groups A1,A2 and A4. Protease activity of intestine in control was higher than other groups except group A1; but group A2 had higher lipase activity and groupA4 had lower amylase activity of intestine. In hepatopancreas,group A1 had a lower protease activity,and no significant differences among other groups. Lipase activities of all groups were higher than the control,and the A3 was the highest. Amylase activities of all groups were lower than

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 藻渣 豆粕 鱼粉 替代 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]