降低儿童X射线CT检查辐射剂量的研究进展  

Measures for Reducing Radiation Dose to Children in CT Examinations:A Review

作　　者：顾建华[1,2] 卓维海[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学放射医学研究所,上海200032 [2]上海市卫生学校,上海200237

出　　处：《中国医学物理学杂志》2014年第5期5105-5108,5113,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11075040)

摘　　要：目的:归纳总结减少儿童X射线CT检查所致受检者辐射剂量的方法,为降低儿童接受X射线CT检查的辐射危害风险提供参考。方法:针对X射线CT检查所致儿童的辐射剂量,通过调研相关文献,基于各自研究的目的和原理,归纳总结降低儿童受照剂量的方法。结果:自动管电流调制技术能根据儿童受检者体型自行改变管电流,自动管电压选择技术能根据预先设定的影像质量水平并结合X射线在受检者的衰减自动选择管电压,这两种技术均能自动降低个体的受照剂量;先进的影像重建技术可减少低剂量扫描影像的噪声,间接起到降低个体和群体的受照剂量;非扫描区的合理屏蔽也能有效降低个体和群体的受照剂量;制定剂量参考水平有助于优化X射线CT检查扫描参数,起到降低群体受照剂量的作用。结论:可结合儿童受检者的体型、扫描部位以及X射线CT机的性能,综合运用自动管电流或管电压调制技术、影像重建技术以及屏蔽防护等多种方法,可最大限度地降低儿童X射线CT检查的受照剂量。Objective：This review investigates the methods of reducing the radiation dose in pediatric CT examinations,in orderto provide reference measures to reduce the health risk of children due to C Texaminations.Methods：The literature search was aimed at the radiation dose received by children in pediatric CT examinations.Based on the research purposes and principles,methods of the dose reduction were further classified and evaluated.Results：The automatic tube current modulation（ATCM） can automatically change the tube current according to the examinee＇s size,and the automatic tube voltage selection（ATVS） technique can automatically change tube voltage based on the preset level of image quality and the attenuation of X-ray in the examinee.They can easily realize the dose reduction for individual examinee.Advanced image reconstruction technologies（AIRT） can lower the noise of images resulted from low-dose scans,so they can indirectly reduce the radiation dose to examinees.Reasonable shielding on non-scann in gareas can effectively reduce the radiation dose to the individuals and groups.Setting the dose reference levels for pediatric CT exams is useful to optimize the scanning parameters,and thus reduce the group exposure to children.Conclusions：Taking the bodysize and scanning part of children as well as the performance of CT scanners into account,the integrated use of the ATCM,ATVS,AIRT and shielding can reduce the radiation dose in pediatric CT exams aslo was possible.

关 键 词：儿童CT检查 自动管电流 自动管电压 影像重建 屏蔽 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R814.2