西藏拉鲁湿地夏季土壤线虫群落特征  

Characterization of Nematode Communities in Lhalu Wetlands during the Summer

作　　者：陈德来[1] 普布[2] 巴桑[2] 马正学[3] 陈凌云[4] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,庆阳745000 [2]西藏大学理学院,拉萨850000 [3]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [4]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,青岛266003

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第5期744-753,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目(No.210214);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31360509);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(No.096RJZA123);中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室开放基金项目

摘　　要：2010年7月,对拉鲁湿地5个采样区的土壤动物进行调查,共捕获土壤线虫10183条,隶属于2纲6目8科14属,其中真矛属（Eudorylaimus）、似绕线属（Anaplectus）、地单宫属（Geomonhystera）为优势类群。表层（0~5 cm）土壤线虫个体数量占总数的90.03%,表聚性明显。营养类群有食细菌线虫和捕食-杂食线虫两类。线虫群落生态指数对采样区生境有不同的响应,土壤线虫群落多样性指数H＇、均匀度指数E在不同采样区的分布依次为：5#〉4#〉3#〉1#〉2#,而优势度指数C的分布为：2#〉3#〉1#〉4#〉5#,表明2#采样区的线虫群落多样性和稳定性小于其他采样区,土壤线虫群落趋于单一化。土壤理化特征与线虫数量、营养类群、生态指数间存在明显相关关系。5个采样区间土壤线虫群落的相似程度为极不相似到中等不相似（S值0.154~0.667）。表明线虫群落的变化能很好地反映生境的多样性,土壤线虫可作为湿地生态系统中一个重要的生物指示因子。Soil nematode was sampled from two soil lines 0- 5 cm and 5- 15 cm at 5 representative sites in Lhalu in July 2010,a total of 10 183 nematodes which belong to 2 classes,6 orders,8 families,14 genera were isolated using the Baermann method. The dominant genera were Eudorylaimus,Anaplectus,Geomonhystera（ Table 3）. Approximate 90.03% individuals of the nematodes sampled was in the top line of soil（ 0-5 cm,Fig. 2,3）. Bacterivores and plant-parasites were the most abundant trophic groups and they were found at both soil lines at all sites. The ecological indices of nematode was differently at different habitat sampled. ANOVA analysis indicated that the value Shannon index（ H＇） and evenness index（ E） at each sampled site showed a decreased trend in the order 5# 4# 3# 1# 2#,and the value of dominance index（ C） was 2# 3# 1#4# 5#（ Table 4,Fig. 2,3）. It suggested that the diversity and stability of the nematode community at 2#sampled site were lower than other four samples,and it indicated the nematode community at 2#site to besimplified. A significant correlation existed between the soil physical and chemical characteristics and the nematode numbers（ Table 5）,trophic groups,and ecological indices. The similarity of Soil nematode community at the 5 sample sites was relatively small（ S 0. 154- 0. 667,Table 6） from medium dissimilarity to extreme dissimilarity. Our results demonstrated that the changes of soil nematode community structure was an important bio-indicator which could be used as an indicator to reflect the habitat diversity and the heath of wetland ecosystem in the cold region.

关 键 词：土壤线虫 群落特征 营养类群 拉鲁湿地 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]