桃源县棉花专用配方肥的配方设计与推广应用  

The design and implementation of a formula fertilizer special for cotton in Taoyuan County

作　　者：彭林权[1] 高永贵[1] 李华[1] 邹金福 黄维志[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省桃源县农业局,湖南桃源415700

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第5期629-632,共4页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家测土配方施肥补贴项目

摘　　要：研究制定县域内不同区域、不同作物专用肥配方是测土配方施肥的重要环节之一。棉花需肥量大,施肥次数多,生产实际中过量施肥的问题尤为突出。研制和推广应用棉花专用配方肥,能有效减少化肥施用量,提高肥料利用率,促进棉农增产增效。依托桃源县2005-2008三年测土配方施肥调查数据,系统分析了桃源县棉地土壤养分特点、棉花需肥规律及主要施肥技术指标。在此基础上,根据桃源县棉花专用配方肥的配方设计原理:氮素管理采用区域总量控制、分期调控技术,磷、钾采用丰缺指标法,提出了棉花专用肥配方。桃源县推荐的棉花区域肥料配方2个:20-9-16和18-11-16,分别适用于平原潮土棉地与丘陵红壤棉地。桃源县棉花专用肥20-9-16的应用和示范效果表明,与习惯施肥比较,平均每公顷节本增收1494.0-3780.0元,适合在我县棉花生产上在大面积推广。Specific fertilizer formulations for different regions and different crops are an important part of the soil testing and formula fertilization scheme. There are tremendous fertilization problems for cotton production, such as large amount of fertilizers and many applications. The development and use of the special cotton fertilizers can effectively reduce the input of chemical fertilizers, improve fertilizer use efficiency, and increase farmers income. In this paper, we analyzed the soil？nutrient status in cotton-planted soils, and the requirement dynamics of nutrients for cotton growth as well as the major techniques of fertilization in cotton production, based on a large survey dataset of the soil testing and formula fertilization scheme in Taoyuan county from 2005 to 2008. The special cotton fertilizers were designed based on the following principle： nitrogen is controlled by the total amount and growing staging regulation technology, and phosphorus and potassium by the method of abundant deficiency index. This paper presented two formulas of the special cotton fertilizers： 20-9-16 and 18-11-16. The 20-9-16 formula was suited for soils in the plain regions, while the 18-11-16 formula was for soils in the hilly areas. The application and field demonstration indicated that the 20-9-16 special cotton fertilizer can increase the farmer income of 1494-3780 RMB hm^-2, compared with the traditional fertilization, and thus such special fertilizer can be implemented at large scales in Taoyuan county.

关 键 词：棉花 配方肥 配方设计 推广应用 

分 类 号：S506[农业科学—作物学]