镉污染稻田改制玉米的农产品质量安全研究  

Agricultural product quality safety of conversion from double rice to rice/maize in a Cd polluted paddy field

作　　者：谢运河[1,2,3] 纪雄辉[1,2,3] 彭华[1,2,3] 黄涓[2,3] 官迪[1,3] 刘昭兵[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第5期658-662,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B17-1);湖南省科技重大专项(2011FJ1002-3)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验,研究了镉(Cd)污染稻田水旱轮作改制的农产品质量安全。结果表明,早稻改种春玉米(玉-稻轮作)年度总产量为13340 kg/hm2,比种植双季稻(稻-稻轮作)增产9.3%(P<0.05);晚稻改种秋玉米(稻-玉轮作)年度总产量为11298 kg/hm2,比种植双季稻减产7.4%(P<0.05)。稻-玉轮作(晚稻改种秋玉米)农产品Cd含量较低,早稻稻米Cd含量为0.22 mg/kg,配合钝化措施可以达到食品安全国家标准,秋玉米Cd含量仅为0.06 mg/kg,在食品安全国家标准之内;而玉-稻轮作(早稻改种春玉米),春玉米Cd含量为0.07 mg/kg,春玉米食用安全,但晚稻稻米Cd含量达1.59 mg/kg,远高于食品安全国家标准的0.2 mg/kg,比稻-稻轮作的晚稻稻米Cd含量增加137%(P<0.05),早稻改种春玉米显著增加后茬晚稻稻米对Cd的吸收积累。Cd污染土壤(全Cd含量1.08 mg/kg)改制玉米(早稻改种春玉米、晚稻改种秋玉米)皆可避开当季农产品的Cd污染风险,稻-玉轮作配合钝化措施可确保农产品的质量安全,而玉-稻轮作则可采用春玉米食用与晚稻作为富集植物修复Cd污染土壤的生态循环减控模式,实现农产品安全生产和修复Cd污染土壤的双重目的。A field plot experiment was conducted to study the quality safety of agricultural products under the paddy-upland rotation which was converted from double rice cropping system in a Cd-polluted paddy field. The results showed that compared with the control （double rice） the annual yield of the C-R treatment （early rice to spring maize） was 13340 kg/hm~, increased by 9.3% significantly, while the annual yield of the R-C treatment （late rice to autumn maize） was 11298 kg/hm2, decreased significantly by 7.4%. In the R-C treatment, the Cd contents in early rice and autumn maize were 0.22 and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively, and they were lower than those in other treatments. In the C-R treatment, the Cd contents in spring maize and in later rice were 0.07 and 1.59 mg/kg, respectively, and the latter was 137% higher than the later rice in the double rice system （ P 〈0.05）. It indicated that the later rice＇ s Cd content increased significantly when early rice was converted to spring maize. The quality safety of the current-season products can be ensured under both cropping systems of the C-R and R-C treatments in a Cd polluted soil. The R-C treatment coped with the passivators could ensure the agricultural product quality safety, while the C-R treatment can achieve the double purposes office quality safety and Cd-polluted soil restoration in a life cycle to use the spring maize as a safety food and the late rice as a Cd-accumulation plant to restore the Cd-polluted paddy field.

关 键 词：镉 稻田改制 水稻 玉米 农产品 质量安全 

分 类 号：X820.6[环境科学与工程—环境工程]