锂离子电池新型三维纳米结构负极研究进展  

Research on New Three-dimensional Nanostructured Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：邢雅兰[1] 王胜彬[1] 张世超[1] 王文旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《航空学报》2014年第10期2776-2783,共8页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划(2013CB934001);国家自然科学基金(51274017;51074011);国家"863"计划(2013AA050904)~~

摘　　要：高性能锂离子电池在微/小型侦察机和空间飞行器等应用中有重要意义。构建三维纳米结构负极,是提高锂离子电池性能的有效方法。综述了国内外锂离子电池新型三维纳米结构负极材料的发展,将其分为3种类型,分别是三维纳米多孔结构、三维纳米阵列结构和三维纳米网络结构。涉及的材料包括碳类材料、合金类材料与过渡金属氧化物材料。相对于传统二维平面负极,三维纳米结构电极可以减小离子迁移距离、增加电极/电解液界面面积、缓冲活性材料充放电体积变化,从而可以提高材料的储能容量,提高电极的循环稳定性,改善电极的倍率性能。High-performance lithium-ion batteries are important component in micro/small reconnaissance aircraft,space vehicles and other applications.This paper briefly reviews the three-dimensional （3D） nanostructured anode materials for lithium ion batteries.Based on the morphologies of prepared 3D nanostructure,the materials are divided into three categories,i.e.,3D porous nanostructure,3D array nanostructure and 3D network nanostructure.The involved materials include carbonaceous materials,alloy-based anodes and transition metal oxides anodes.Compared with the traditional planar anode,the prepared 3D nanostructured anodes have advantages in shorter diffusion distance for ions,higher interface area between electrode and electrolyte and better accommodation of volume changes during charge-discharge processes,and thus generate higher capacity,better cycle stability and improved rate capacity.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 三维 纳米结构 负极 介孔材料 阵列 网络结构 

分 类 号：V45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]