苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草群落多样性分析  

The diversity of autumn weed community in tea gardens in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：张海艳[1] 季敏[1] 孙国俊[1,2] 李粉华[1] 韩敏[1] 袁方[1] 许映莲 万玉成[1] 

机构地区：[1]金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]金坛市茶业技术指导站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第10期2706-2713,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004-43);"江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点"项目资助

摘　　要：为揭示不同生境茶园秋季杂草的物种组成、生物多样性及其危害性,于2011和2012年的10月,调查了江苏金坛不同自然环境、不同管理措施、不同种植时间茶园的秋季杂草种类、数量、高度,进而基于聚类分析以及生境特点,将茶园分成5个不同生境类群,分析了不同生境类群杂草群落的结构特征及生物多样性。结果表明:由于生境类型和管理水平导致的资源差异的影响,不同杂草群落的杂草科、属、种组成差异显著,群落结构存在明显分化,1年生与多年生杂草比例不同。类群Ⅲ为牛筋草(Eleusine indica)+小旱稗(Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro-japonensis)+马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)杂草群落,类群Ⅳ为马唐+爵床(Rostellularia procumbens)+铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)+牛筋草+一年蓬(Erigeron annus)+小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)+酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)杂草群落,这2种类群的杂草群落物种丰富度、物种多样性与均匀度大,主要种较多,群落的结构复杂且稳定,对环境的变化或来自物种群落内部种群波动的缓冲作用强;类群Ⅱ为虮子草(Leptochloa panicea)+小飞蓬+地锦(Euphorbia humifusa)+一年蓬杂草群落,类群Ⅴ为麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)+小飞蓬+井栏边草(Pieris multifida)+叶下珠(Phyllanthus urinaria)+爵床杂草群落,这两种类群的杂草群落稳定性次之,杂草危害的严重性较低;类群Ⅰ为马唐+一年蓬+小旱稗+牛筋草+酢浆草+铁苋菜杂草群落,群落生物多样性各项参数值基本与其他类群相反,群落中优势种突出,极容易发生严重危害。Abstract： In order to reveal the species composition, biodiversity and harmihlness oi autumn weeds in tea gardens of different natural environments, management practices, and tea planting time, a survey on species number, density and weed height were conducted in October 2011 and 2012 in hilly regions of southern Jiangsu Province. Based on the survey data and habitat charac- ters, all sampling tea gardens were classified into five habitat groups through cluster analysis. The results showed that significant differences in family, genera and species composition, and in weed community structure and ratios of annual to perennial species were found among the differ- ent groups, due to the influence of habitat and management practices. In Groups m and IV, Ele- usine indica ＋ Echinochloa crusgalli var. austro-japonensis ＋ Digitaria sanguinalis weed commu- nity and D. sanguinalis ＋ Rostellularia procumbens ＋ Acalypha australis ＋ Eleusine indica ＋ Erig- eron annus ＋ Conyza canadensis ＋ Oxalis corniculata weed community occurred respectively. In these two groups, main species were more than the other groups, and species composition andcommunity structure were stable and complicated, which may allow the communities to buffer from disturbance and environmental fluctuation. Groups I] and V, Leptochloa panicea ＋ C. canadensis ＋ Euphorbia humifusa ＋ Erigeron annus weed communities and Ophiopogon japonicus ＋ C. canadensis ＋ Pieris multifida ＋ Phyllanthus urinaria ＋ Rostellularia procumbens weed com- munities, had unstable structures and caused little harmfulness. Group I had Digitaria sangui- nalis ＋ Erigeron annuus ＋ Echinochloa crusgalli var. austro-japonensis ＋Eleusine indica ＋Oxalis corniculata ＋ Acalypha australis weed communities, with biodiversity index values contrary to those of the other groups, while the dominant species predominated the community structure, often causing serious harmfulness.

关 键 词：茶园 秋季杂草 生境类群 物种组成 优势度 相似性 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.12[生物学—植物学]