刈割加遮荫综合治理互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)  

Control of Spartina alterniflora by integrated technique of mowing plus shading

作　　者：赵相健[1] 柳晓燕[1] 宫璐[1] 邓贞贞[1] 白加德 李俊生[1] 赵彩云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]北京市麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第10期2714-2719,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院院所基金项目(2012-YSKY-05);环保部事业经费项目"陆地自然环境外来入侵物种普查;防控与资源化利用"资助

摘　　要：互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索经济有效的控制治理技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究集成了刈割与遮荫2种物理控制方法综合治理互花米草,并与单一刈割的治理效果进行对比。结果表明:单一刈割虽然显著降低了互花米草植株的节数、株高和地上生物量等个体生长特征(P<0.05),但对互花米草植株的节长、基茎、种群密度、结穗率和穗长等特征没有显著影响(P>0.05),6个月后互花米草刈割种群的无性生长和有性生殖特征与对照种群已无显著差别。而刈割加遮荫综合处理不仅显著抑制了互花米草节数、节长、基茎、株高、生物量等生长指标(P<0.05),而且有效抑制了幼苗形成,完全抑制互花米草的有性繁殖,显著降低种群密度(P<0.05),最后导致植株地上部分全部死亡,其控制效果远优于单一刈割处理。刈割与遮荫综合控制的方法主要适用于去除入侵早期、小面积分布的单一互花米草种群并恢复为沙滩,也可以作为生物替代方法的前期处理。Spartina alterniflora is native to the Atlantic and Gulf^coasts of North America, and it was introduced to many coastal areas of the world. Recently, this species was found threading the native ecosystems and was considered as a noxious invasive plant in many countries. Integrated physical control techniques were proved more effective on controlling S. alterniflora than single physical control techniques. For example, cutting plus waterlogging was proved to be more effec- tive than cutting, but it was usually expensive. In this study, an integrated technique of mowing plus shading method （MS） was conducted to investigate its effectiveness for controlling S. alter- niflora. The results showed that although mowing alone significantly decreased the node number, plant height and aboveground biomass after six months （ P〈0.05 ）, no significant changes were found on the node length, basal item diameter, population density, fruiting ratio or inflorescence length of S. alterniflora （P〉O. 05）. It was indicated that mowing only slow down the vegetative growth of S. alterrdflora but had little effect on controlling its population. After six months using MS treatment, plant height, node number, node length, basal item diameter, aboveground bio- mass and population density of S. alterniflora were all significantly decreased than the mowing group and control group （P〈0.05） , and clonal growth and sexual reproduction of S. alterniflora were absolutely inhibited in the whole growth season. Moreover, no seedlings of S. alterniflora were found in MS treatment after six months. Our results demonstrated that MS technique was more effective on controlling S. alterniflora than single mowing, and was especially suitable for controlling small S. alterniflora communities at their early invasive stage.

关 键 词：互花米草 生物入侵 刈割 遮荫 综合控制 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]