塔里木河下游生态输水策略分析  

Strategy of Ecological Water Conveyance to the Lower Reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：杨鹏年[1] 吴文强[2] 买合木提.巴拉提 魏光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河流域管理局干流管理处,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2014年第5期785-791,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51009128);新疆塔里木河流域管理局项目"塔里木河下游生态保护目标及措施研究"与新疆维吾尔自治区水文学及水资源重点学科基金(xjswszyzdxk20101202)联合资助

摘　　要：自2000年5月至2011年间的12次生态输水,对塔里木河下游地下水恢复发挥了重要的作用。截至到2011年10月的实测数据,相较于输水前,英苏、阿拉干、库尔干和老英苏各断面的地下水位均有不同程度的上升,上升幅度与离河距离相关。距河1 km处的上升幅度分别为2.0、3.0、4.0 m和1.0 m左右,地下水位均有较明显的恢复。当地下水埋深达到4.0、3.5 m和3.0 m时,与此相对应的植被生存状态分别称之为维持生存、基本生存与适合生存。由此可以计算出,塔里木河下游距河1.0 km范围内3种植被生存状态对应的耗水量分别为1.6×108、2.2×108m3和2.7×108m3。大西海子水库以下的下泄水量可分别在春、秋、冬季3个时段进行。据此,近期的输水策略为:年输水量应维持在2.7×108m3以上,输水适宜时段为春、夏季,以尽快恢复下游地下水环境并逐步满足河畔植被适合生存的耗水量;远期输水则可视上游来水的情况,采用满足维持生存、基本生存与适合生存3种耗水量的交替输水方式,输水量的下限为1.6×108m3,以达到有限水资源条件下提高水资源利用率与维持生态系统稳定的目标。Ecological degeneration in the Green Corridor in lower reaches of the Tarim River was mainly caused by the 30-year last stream cutoff downstream from the Daxihaizi Reservoir in lower reaches of the Tarim River from 1972. From May 2000 to 2011, 12 times ecological water conveyance were implemented so as to rise the groundwa- ter level and improve the ecology in the lower reaches. The observed data up to October 2011 showed that the groundwater level along the Yengisu, Aragan, Korgan and old Yengisu sections of was risen up to a certain degree compared with that before implementing the project. Groundwater level near the river was risen by 3.5 m, 6.0 m, 5.0 m and 3.0 m along these sections above respectively, but by 2.0 m, 3.0 m, 4.0 m and 1.0 m at the places 1 km away from the river. Namely, the rising extent of groundwater level was closely related to the distance away from the river. As a result, the groundwater level was obviously risen up. When the groundwater depth was risen to 4.0 m, 3.5 m and 3.0 m respectively, the vegetation survival conditions were accordingly called the ＂survival maintaining conditions＂, ＂basic survival conditions＂ and ＂suitable survival conditions＂. On which it was calculat- ed that the water consumptions of vegetation within a wide extent 1 km away from the river were 1.6 × 10^8 m3 , 2.2 × 108 m3 and 2.7 × 108 m3 respectively. Water release from the Daxihaizi Reservoir could be scheduled in spring,0 summer and winter for germination of plant seeds and regeneration of Populus euphratica. The annual water release of 2.7 ×108 m3 should be maintained in recent years so as to improve the groundwater environment in the lower reaches and to meet water consumption of vegetation at the suitable survival level.

关 键 词：生态输水 方案 植被耗水量 地下水位 植被生存状况 塔里木河下游 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]