天山山区一次强降雪过程GPS可降水量特征分析  

Snowfall Derived from Ground-Based GPS in a Heavy Snowfall Process in the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：李曼[1] 杨莲梅 赵玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2014年第5期915-921,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAC23B01);新疆气象局科学技术研究与应用技术开发项目(xj201326);国家自然科学基金项目(41075049)资助

摘　　要：利用2012年新建成的天山山区地基GPS遥感大气水汽总量(GPS-PWV)资料、再分析资料、自动站逐时降雪量资料等,对2012年11月6—9日新疆北部地区、天山山区一次强降雪过程发生、发展前后GPS-PWV演变特征进行分析。结果表明:GPS-PWV的持续上升对未来一段时间内出现降雪过程有一定的预示意义,降雪发生前GPSPWV有十几个小时的持续上升(增幅为近10 a该月平均大气可降水量的1倍左右),在其达到峰值前后3 h内出现降雪;GPS-PWV空间分布大值区与降雪落区有较好的对应关系。随着水汽汇聚和堆积,天山山区各站点GPS-PWV随时间持续上升;水汽随偏西气流进入北疆及沿天山地区。与之对应,GPS-PWV也呈现出自西向东逐渐增加的空间分布型,说明GPS-PWV能够较准确的从时间和空间上反映大气中水汽的特征。The evolution features of GPS-PWV in a persistent heavy snowfall process in the Tianshan Mountains from November 6 to 9, 2012 were analyzed using the GPS Perceptible Water Vapor （GPS-PWV） observations derived from the ground-based GPS network in the Tianshan Mountains, reanalyzed data and observed precipitation data from an automatic weather station. The results indicated that the variation trend of GPS-PWV in the Tianshan Mountains had an indication effect on snowfall. The value of GPS-PWV was increased continuously and obviously in more than ten hours prior to snowfall, and the amplification of GPS-PWV equaled the average monthly precipitable water vapor in recent ten years. Snowfall started within 3 hours before or after GPS-PWV was increased to its maxi- mum. The high value of GPS-PWV in spatial distribution coincided with the snowfall areas. With water vopar con- verging and accumulating, GPS-PWV was increased with the time. Along with water vapor moving into Xinjiang with westerly wind, GPS-PWV was significantly increased from the west to the east. The temporal and spatial evolu- tion characteristics can be used to accurately indicate the characteristics of water vapor.

关 键 词：地基GPS遥感大气水汽总量(GPS-PWV) 强降雪过程 环流形势 天山山区 新疆 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]