超导与规范对称性,希格斯机制与希格斯粒子——电磁学与电动力学中的超导Ⅱ  

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND GAUGE SYMMETRY,HIGGS MECHANISM AND HIGGS BOSON——SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ELECTRODYNAMICS Ⅱ

作　　者：王青[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学物理系

出　　处：《物理与工程》2014年第4期3-10,共8页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：本文是文献[1]和[2]联合的后继文章,在文中我们依据电磁学和电动力学中的麦克斯韦方程组建立了有质量光子导致导体中的超导现象这一事实的规范不变描写,文献[1]的结果是目前理论选取洛伦兹规范的特殊情形.我们发现在这种规范不变的理论中存在一个零质量的标量场,它可以和规范势的纵向分量相互转化.这正是文献[2]所介绍的2013年诺贝尔物理学奖中著名的希格斯机制,即规范粒子吃掉Goldstone玻色子而产生纵向分量,因而获得质量.这个新引进的零质量标量场对应量子场论中激发Goldstone玻色子的标量场,它可以被看成是一个更一般的两分量复标量场的相角分量.而此推广的复标量场的常数模分量可以被看成是另一个动力学场——希格斯场的真空期望值.希格斯场的激发是希格斯粒子,即所谓上帝的粒子;而光子的质量则起源于希格斯场的真空期望值.This is continuous paper of combination of Ref. [1] and Ref. [2]. In terms of Maxwell equations in electromagnetism and electrodynamics, we have built a gauge invariant description on superconductivity leading by massive photon in a conductor. Previous result in Ref. [1] can be seen as a special case of the theoretical choice of Lorentz gauge. We find that there exists a massless scalar field in this gauge invariant theory, stone boson field in quantum field theory and can be transformed of gauge potential. This is just the famous Higgs mechanism, w whi into hich ch is interpreted as Gold- a longitudinal component obtained the Nobel physics prize in 2013 as introduced in Ref. I-2~, i.e. gauge particle eats out Goldstone boson, ob- tains longitudinal component, and thus gains mass. The new introduced massless scalar field can be interpreted as a phase angle part of a more general two components complex scalar field. While the modular part of this generalized complex scalar field can be seen as the vacu- um expectation value of another dynamical field -- Higgs field. The excitation of Higgs field is the Higgs particle -- the so--called God particle, while its vacuum expectation value leads the mass of photon.

关 键 词：超导 光子质量 规范对称性 希格斯机制 希格斯粒子 电动力学 

分 类 号：O511[理学—低温物理]