不同规范下横场与纵场的特性分析  

CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL FIELD UNDER DIFFERENT GAUGES

作　　者：崔明[1] 李建华[2] 崔元顺[2] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院人事处,江苏淮安223003 [2]淮阴师范学院物理与电子电气工程学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《物理与工程》2014年第4期22-25,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(批准号:13KJB140002);江苏省"精品课程"项目资助

摘　　要：文章按照矢量场分解为横场和纵场的方法,采用亥姆霍兹定理,研究电磁场的性质与结构.对不同规范下电磁场的横场和纵场特性进行分析与比较,讨论电磁场与源之间的对应关系.结果表明,电磁场问题由电荷场和电磁波动场两个相互独立的问题组成,远区辐射场由横场部分决定,纵场部分并不辐射出去;电磁势函数存在过多自由度可以归因于纵场分量的不唯一性,标量势所满足的方程并不独立于各自对应的矢量势所满足的方程.In this paper, properties and structures of the electromagnetic field for the trans- verse and longitudinal patterns are investigated based on Helmholtz theorem. The characteris- tics of transverse and longitudinal field are analyzed under different gauges. The relationships between field and source are discussed. The results show that the electromagnetic field prob- lem is composed of two separate questions, which are the charge field problem and the electro- magnetic wave field problem. The radiation field in far zone is determined by the transverse field, and longitudinal field doesn＇t radiate. The electromagnetic potential functions have too many degrees of freedom, which must be due to the non-unique longitudinal field components. The equations satisfied by the scalar potentials are not independent of the equations satisfied by their corresponding vector potentials respectively.

关 键 词：规范条件 横场 纵场 特性分析 

分 类 号：O412.2-4[理学—理论物理] G642[理学—物理]