高原鼢鼠的消化对策  

Digestion Strategy of Plateau Zokor

作　　者：张守栋[1,2] 林恭华[1] 杨传华 崔雪峰[1,2] 覃雯[1,2] 张同作[1] 苏建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]浙江省湖州市现代农业技术学校,浙江湖州313023

出　　处：《四川动物》2014年第5期646-651,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370405;31372197);青海省科技支撑计划项目(2014-NS-113)

摘　　要：动物面临不同的生活环境及生活方式,往往采取不同的消化对策,而消化道结构在动物的消化对策中起关键作用。为进一步了解高原鼢鼠的生存对策,比较了高原鼢鼠与大白鼠消化道形态结构与食物摄入量、食物吸收量及食物消化率的差异。结果表明:高原鼢鼠的食物摄入量及食物吸收量显著低于大白鼠,食物消化率、蛋白质消化率及粗纤维消化率显著高于大白鼠。而两种动物的蛋白质吸收量及粗纤维吸收量差异不显著。高原鼢鼠的胃、小肠、大肠、盲肠干重及大肠长度与盲肠长度显著高于大白鼠,小肠长度差异不显著。可见,动物的消化率及能量需求与其消化道形态相适应。高原鼢鼠采取摄取少量的食物、增加消化道长度或重量、提高食物消化率的消化对策。Animal lifestyles can vary in different environments by adopting different digestion strategies, and the morphology of digestive tracts may play a key role in such adaptations. In order to investigate the surviving stratagem of plateau zokor （Myospalax baileyi）, a typical subterranean rodent species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the gastrointestinal morphology, food intake, food assimilation and food digestibility of plateau zokor was analyzed compared with laboratory rat （ Rattus norvegicus）. The results showed that the amount of food intake and food assimilation of zokors were significantly less than those of rats ; the food digestibility, protein digestibility and crude fiber digestibility were significantly higher than those of rats ; however, no significant differences of protein assimilation and crude fiber assimilation were observed between the two animals. The stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cecum of zokors were significantly heavier （dry weight） than those of rats. The large intestine and cecum of zokors were significantly longer than those of rats while no significant differ- ence was observed between the lengths of the small intestine. Overall, our results here confirmed that there was obvious con- sistency between the morphology of digestive tracts and digestibility. The decreased food intake and increased digestive capacity were the digestion strategies of plateau zokors.

关 键 词：高原鼢鼠 消化道形态 消化率 消化对策 进化适应 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]