抗战前后四邑侨乡侨汇运营体系的转变——对一起侨汇纠纷的分析  

Transformation of Overseas Chinese Remittance System in the Siyi Area from the Great Depression to the Early Postwar Period—— A Case Study of a Remittance Dispute

作　　者：王传武[1] 

机构地区：[1]五邑大学广东侨乡文化研究中心,广东江门529020

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2014年第3期59-69,共11页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目"侨批文书整理与研究";广东省千百十工程省级培养对象资助项目"清末民国时期美洲华侨与华南乡村社会转型研究";广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划项目"地方自治与乡村社会权力结构的变动"(编号:2012WYM_0124);五邑大学青年科研基金(编号:2013sk02)资助

摘　　要：论文通过对一起侨汇纠纷的分析,揭示了从大萧条到战后初期四邑侨乡侨汇运营体系的重大转变和战后初期侨汇运营实态。大萧条使中国从货币银本位进入纸币时代,此后,侨汇汇兑经常与通货膨胀联系在一起。战时的特殊环境,使民间侨汇运营体系进一步衰落和中断,官方银行主导和垄断了侨汇运营。官方银行为主的侨汇运营体系不仅强化了官方银行对民间金融的控制,也加强了乡村自治机构的控制能力。战后官方银行运营能力的不足及其繁琐的领款手续,使侨汇兑换令人望而生畏,这和通胀压力一起催生了广阔的侨汇兑换的"中间人"市场,而国家控制能力的强化使"中间人"随时可能成为侨汇的"冒领者"。The overseas Chinese private remittance system,composed of Chinese groceries in Chinatowns,foreign banks in San Francisco and New York City,private banks in Hong Kong,and their branches and local partner stores in the Siyi area,collapsed during the Great Depression. Filling its space the government-controlled China Bank monopolized the system,which was supported by China＇s currency reform of 1935. This new system,nevertheless,was constantly plagued by inflation during the war and the postwar periods. It was also castigated for its inability to quickly deliver remittances to beneficiaries. As a result,some brokers emerged between banks and remittance recipients to facilitate the cashing process and village government officials were also invited to identify fake recipients. This article details this historical transformation.

关 键 词：侨乡研究 四邑侨乡 侨汇运营 侨汇兑换 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] D634[历史地理—中国史]