生物质灰渣与化肥混合对氨挥发的影响  

EFFECTS OF BIO-ASH MIXED WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ON AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

作　　者：黄容[1] 高明[1] 廖燕妮[1] 王丹[1] 邓炜[1] 叶夏依 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第5期1160-1167,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD141318)资助

摘　　要：采用室内恒温培养,碱液吸收法测定灰渣-化肥中氮的挥发量,研究了锯木灰、谷壳灰、玉米灰、水稻灰分别与不同化肥配比下,在一定时间内的氨挥发规律。结果表明：四种灰渣在N1、N2、N3水平下,随着时间的增加氨的挥发量和挥发率呈先增大后减小的趋势,各处理的峰值多出现在10-15 d的培养阶段;谷壳灰、玉米灰、水稻灰添加磷酸二氢钾能明显抑制混合物中氨的挥发,而锯木灰添加氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾均能抑制氨的挥发;在四种灰渣中,锯木灰处理的氨挥发率明显高于其他三种灰渣,特别是在N3水平下比同期的其他灰渣处理高5倍。Elovich方程和抛物线扩散方程均能较好拟合氨的挥发量随时间的变化,其相关系数均达到极显著水平。Bio-ash is produced from burning of biological solid waste,high in porosity,large in water absorption capacity,comprehensive in nutrient,sterile and non-toxic. An indoor incubation experiment was carried out using ashes of sawdust,rice husks,rice straws and corn stalks to explore effects of the ashes,when mixed at a varying ratio with chemical fertilizer on N volatilization from the fertilizer within a certain time period. N volatilization was determined with the alkali absorption method. Results show that the mixtures of the four kinds of ashes and chemical fertilizer regardless of N level（ N1,N2 and N3）,with the time going on,N volatilization increased first and then declined in both volume and rate,with peaks mostly appearing on D10 ～ D15 of the incubation. In the mixture of rice husk ash,corn stalk ash and rice straw ash,addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate significantly enhanced the effect of inhibiting volatilization of ammonia,while in the mixture of sawdust ash,the addition of potassium chloride or potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the same effect. Among the four kinds of ashes,sawdust ash was the lowest in the effect of inhibiting volatilization of ammonia. Therefore,ammonia volatilization was much higher in the mixture of sawdust ash than in the other three,and even reached as high as 5 times that of the others,especially,the mixtures were at N3 level. The effect of sawdust ash（ pH12. 8） varied with N level,displaying an order of N1〉 N2 〉N3. Elovich equation and parabolic diffusion equation can be used to fit the volatilization of ammonia from the mixtures over time,with correlation coefficients reaching an extremely significant level.

关 键 词：生物质灰渣 氨挥发量 氨挥发速率 尿素 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]