内蒙古乌海市夏秋季空气中花粉飘散状况与临床分析  

Pollen dispersion in summer and autumn in Wuhai City of Inner Mongolia and its clinical analysis

作　　者：宋岚[1] 赵方新[2] 张静[2] 王东平 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学附属人民医院变态反应科,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古乌海市疾病控制中心,内蒙古乌海016000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第18期3304-3306,3309,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(81160371)"内蒙古西部地区四城市空气中气传致敏花粉调查"

摘　　要：目的调查乌海市夏秋季空气中气传花粉,探讨其与花粉症的关系。方法应用伞蓬式花粉采样器收集2012.7.1-2012.9.30空气曝片,鉴定花粉种类与飘散数量,同时应用常见吸入物、食物致敏原为108例过敏性疾病患者进行皮肤点刺试验,筛选出61例花粉症患者进行花粉分类检查。结果花粉调查发现夏秋季空气中气传花粉有44科,飘散量前五位依次是蒿属、藜科、苋科、禾本科、大麻葎草属。其中蒿属花粉占夏秋季节花粉总量的72.19%。临床分析发现当地患者秋季花粉与春季花粉阳性反应率差异有统计学意义(P=0.00<0.05),主要致敏原因是蒿属花粉、尘螨、屋尘等,在秋季花粉中蒿属花粉阳性反应率≥90.16%、向日葵80.32%、葎草67.21%、蒲公英67.21%、豚草62.30%、梯牧草49.18%等。结论蒿属花粉是乌海市地区夏秋季主要的气传致敏原因,不当植被和灰霾污染会威胁人体健康。Objective The study aimed to assess the level of airborne pollen in air in Wuhai City during summer and autumn and investigate its correlation with poUinosis. Methods Air sample was collected by an umbrella-shaped sampler between July 1st and September 30th of 2012, and the pollen species and amount of dispersion were determined. 108 patients with allergic diseases were subjected to a skin prick test using common inhalants and food allergens to select 61 patients with pollinosis, whose pollen allergens were then surveyed and classified. Results Pollen surveys revealed a total of 44 species of airborne pollens in summer and autumn. The top 5 plants with the highest amount of dispersion were artemisia, chenopodiaceae, amaranthaceae, gramineae, and humulus. Artemisia pollen accounted for 72.19% of the total amount of pollen in summer and autumn. Clinical studies indicated a significant difference in patients＇ positive reaction rate between autumn pollen and spring pollen （P=0.00〈0.05）, and the primary cause of allergy included Artemisia pollen, dust mite, and house dust. Among the autumn pollens, positive reaction rate of Artemisia pollen was higher than 90.16%, and was 80.32% for sunflower, 67.21% for scaudent hop, 67.21% for dandelion, 62.30% for ragweed, and 49.18% for timothy. Conclusion Artemisia pollen is main airborne allergen in Wuhai in summer and autumn. Improper vegetation and dust and haze pollution may pose threats to human health.

关 键 词：花粉 花粉症 皮肤点刺试验 阳性反应率 灰霾污染 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]