广西猫儿山自然保护区生态补偿标准与补偿方式  被引量:27

Research on the eco-compensation standards and modes: taking Maoershan National Nature Reserve of Guangxi Province as an example

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作  者:戴其文[1] 

机构地区:[1]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海200062

出  处:《生态学报》2014年第17期5114-5123,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基  金:国家自然科学基金(41261005);广西教育厅科研项目(201106LX041);广西师范大学校级青年项目;广西文科中心"泛北部湾发展研究团队"和广西师范大学西南城市与区域发展研究中心的资助

摘  要:利用问卷调查和条件估值法,以猫儿山自然保护区为例,探讨自然保护区生态补偿机制的构建。结果表明:(1)当地居民对保护区和退耕还林政策不熟悉,如果给相应的补偿,超过一半的居民愿意为保护生态环境而放弃在保护区内从事垦荒、砍伐、放牧等活动。建立保护区后,绝大多数村民在生产生活和家庭收入等方面受到影响。(2)不同村庄农户的家庭受损和机会成本相差较大。对于林地没有被保护区划占的农户,机会成本为10000元/户。对于林地被保护区划占的农户,机会成本为10000元/户+750元/666.7m2×被划占的林地亩数。(3)采用投标卡方法,确定农户受偿意愿为230.66元666.7m-2a-1。(4)通过卡方检验,受教育程度、民族和居民所在村别均不同程度地影响受偿意愿。文化层次与受偿意愿的关系呈单调变化,瑶族的受偿意愿最高,其次是苗族,汉族的受偿意愿最低,受保护区影响越大的村庄,其受偿意愿也越大。(5)当地居民的受偿方式呈多样化。多数居民希望得到现金补偿,选择多种受偿方式的组合较为普遍。补偿金主要用于基本生活和生产的需要。农户的技术补偿需求主要是优良林木种植技术和果木蔬菜种植技术,最关心的政策补偿是提供就业。Using the questionnaire and contingent valuation methods, the article analyzed the perceptions of farmers who lived around Guangxi Maoershan Natural Reserve on sloping land conversion program and ecological welfare forest construction, opportunity costs of local residents, their willingness to accept and the compensation modes of accept. The results were showed as follows: (1) local residents were not familiar with the reserve's fundamental purposes and thought that the main purpose was to protect the ecological environment and develop ecological tourism. The majority of the respondents were not familiar with the policy of returning farmland to forest. After constructing the natural reserve, most of the villagers were affected in the family income and life. (2) There was a difference in the losses and opportunity costs of farmers in different villages. The loss mainly included two parts, one was that the earnings of the villages' forest that have been occupied in the reserve were lost, but they did not receive the compensation; the other loss was caused by banning bamboo cutting, digging bamboo shoots, hunting and grazing in the reserve. The farmers' opportunity costs could be divided into two categories: for the farmers whose forest land was not occupied in the protected area, the opportunity cost was 10000 Yuan per year per household, while the opportunity cost was equal to 10000 Yuan per year per household plus 750 Yuan per year per acre multiply by the forest area occupied in the protected zone for the farmers which forest land was occupied in the protected area. (3) Using the bidding cards, the range of the willingness to accept was 211.88--249.43 Yuan per year per acre and the midpoint was 230.66. The farmers' attitudes to the willingness to accept were different. If the forest is occupied in the protection area, they will demand compensation, if they are not affected by the natural reserve, they will not ask for compensation. (4) The ehi-square test revealed that except that the

关 键 词:猫儿山自然保护区 机会成本 当地居民 条件估值法 受偿意愿 

分 类 号:F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]

 

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