中国远洋运输业海员群体的安全文化研究  

Research on safety culture of seafarers in Chinese shipping industry

作　　者：齐亮[1] 刘晓荣[1] 陈国良[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学卫生勤务学系,上海200433

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第17期3112-3114,3129,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：军队"十二五"专项课题(2011YY027);总参专项课题(2013YY091)

摘　　要：目的本研究拟通过对海员群体的安全文化水平进行的横断面调查以发现目前海员群体安全文化存在的问题,同时也建立第一份适合中国海员群体的安全文化量表。方法通过文献研究得到初始量表,设计问卷后通过预调查将量表加以精简,最终将包含了25个问题的问卷分发给了641位海员,回收有效问卷595份,回收率92.82%。结果探索性因子分析结果显示了海员群体安全文化的三个维度:安全态度、安全管理、安全政策,共解释了总方差的63.84%;采用了内部一致性检验的方法对量表的信度进行了评价,效果良好。结论近1/3的海员都经历过安全事故,总体受伤比例已经接近5%,海员群体的安全应当引起各方的重视。可以认为,海员群体的职业性很强,但是因其环境的独特属性,海员群体的健康促进和安全教育工作还有很大的漏洞。Objective This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the situation of Chinese seafarers＇ safety culture and develop the first safety culture questionnaire for this group. Methods An instrument based on a literature review of papers that focused on shipping industry or general offshore environment was used in the pilot survey. A 25-item safety culture questionnaire was finalized to investigate 641 seafarers. 595 seafarers from a state-owned enterprise responded, the recovery rate was 92.82%. Results Exploratory factor analysis was used to find the dimensions of safety culture, namely, safety attitude, safety management and safety policy. Cronbach＇s α was estimated for each factor, showing a very high reliability in this questionnaire with a good internal consistency. Conclusion Almost one thirds of the respondents experienced accidents in their ships and 4.7% of them were injured in accidents, indicating the safety of seafarers needs to get more attentions from our society. And, supported by the analysis above, the safety culture measurement among Chinese seafarers is proved to be useful and practical.

关 键 词：安全文化 安全气候 远洋运输业 海员 探索性因子分析 内部一致性 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]