鼠疫在自然界延续生存的生态学机制  

Ecological mechanism of plague exist in nature

作　　者：祁腾[1,2] 杨孔[1] 杨艾琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川成都610041 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第17期3227-3229,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31070380;30840107);西南民族大学研究生学位点建设基金(2011XWD-S071012);中央高校基本科研业务费专项"优秀科研团队及重大孵化项目"(13NZYTD01);国家人事部留学归国人员择优资助项目;国家外国专家局外专项目(2013-23);四川省学术和技术带头人培养基金

摘　　要：目的为了理解和掌握鼠疫在自然界中延续存在的机制、控制鼠疫疫源地和防止鼠疫传播。方法本文通过对中国学术期刊网、维普、万方及外文数据库等检索相关文献并对文献进行解析,综述了鼠疫在自然界延续存在的机制。结果鼠疫是一种自然疫源性疾病,其在自然界中延续生存涉及多个生态学因素:首先是宿主,包括宿主种类、密度、抗性以及抗性个体与易感个体的比例、年龄、遗传、免疫、繁殖及生理状态等;第二是蚤类,包括蚤的种类、丰富度、密度、群落结构、繁殖能力及生活史等;第三是生态环境,包括景观结构、生境隔离、土壤中微量元素及鸟兽迁徙等。结论将来鼠疫在自然界延续生存的研究应该主要集中在以下几个方面:首先,把鼠疫疫源地作为特定的生态系统进行系统研究;第二,建立生态学模型,定量分析影响鼠疫分布和发生的主要环境因子及其若干机制;第三,在全球气候变化背景下,利用现代信息技术,分析预测将来我国鼠疫的时空变化趋势和规律,探明鼠疫可能发生的时间和空间,及其扩散演变趋势,实现实时预警,变被动防治为主动防控。本文对全面理解鼠疫的自然疫源性和防治鼠疫传播具有重要科学意义。Objective In order to throw light upon the mechanism of plague existing in nature, to prevent circulating diseases.Methods This paper overviewed and analyzed documents on plague. Results It was well concluded that： plague was one kind of natural focal disease, and its mechanism of existing in nature as follows： firstly, hosts（including species, density, resistance as well as the rate of resistance individuals to susceptible individuals, age, genetics, immunity fertile, reproduction, physiological status, and so on.Secondly, fleas, which included species, abundance, density, community structure, reproductive capacity, life cycle.Thirdly,environment, which included landscape structure, habitat isolation, trace elements in soil, bird and animal migration. Conclusion In the future, we should conduct more works on as follows： firstly, plague area should be researched as a special ecosystem. Secondly,ecological models should be built to quantitatively analyze main environment factors as well as mechanisms. Thirdly, with the continuously change of global climate, it should make use of modern information technology to analyze spatio-temporal tendency and regular pattern of plague, threw light on the time and space happened in the future as well as spread tendency, carry on real time forecast, transform passive to active control. Therefore, the present paper is very important to understand plague and control circulating disease.

关 键 词：鼠疫 自然疫源性 生态学机制 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]