墨西哥印第安人教育政策的变迁  

Education Policy for Indians in Mexico: Its Origin,Development and Role

作　　者：张青仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学世界民族学人类学研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2014年第5期65-70,80,共6页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：独立之后的墨西哥政府充分认识到教育在国家认同形成中的重要意义,通过教育创立国家认同成为不同党派遵循的共同理念。在经历近百年的努力后,墨西哥政府成功清除了教育领域内的殖民势力与宗教势力,建立了统一的国家教育体系。早期的墨西哥政府将印第安人视为国家认同形成的阻碍,意在通过推广国家教育、禁止使用印第安语等政策将其同化。对文化多样性的否定造成了国内印第安人的持续抵抗。20世纪90年代,执政党重新调整了对印第安人的教育政策,赋予地方社会参与族群教育的空间,促成了当前墨西哥印第安国民教育与族群教育的共荣。Since independence Mexico continued to emphasize the importance of education on forging and promoting national identity. The government launched a persistent effort to remove colonialist and the Church influences on the national education and formed an integral national education system. Originally,the Indians were viewed as an obstacle to national identity. Therefore,the government intended to assimilate them by involving them into the national education system and prohibiting the use of indigenous languages. As a result of the Indians 'intense resistance,the government was forced to grant more autonomy to local indigenous community in formulating and implementing education policies,laying a foundation for the concerted development of the national education and the ethnic education.

关 键 词：族群教育 同化政策 国家教育 地方参与 

分 类 号：D618[政治法律—政治学]